Excerpts

In the GWAS for heading date (density histograms for observed phenotypic data are presented in Supplementary Figure 1 ), sixteen highly significant marker-trait associations were identified by GAPIT (seven by FarmCPU and nine by BLINK model).

PD (P=0.121) and KD (P=0.078) showed an increasing trend in chlorophyll content, but there was no significant difference.

According to Figure 8 , the area of climate suitable area of naked oat under the shared socio-economic path of SSP126 and SSP245 showed a decreasing trend from 2040 to 2060, especially under the shared socio-economic path of SSP126.

Four of five contigs of LPAT ( LPAT2 , LPAT3 , LPAT4 and LPAT5 ) were identified ( Figure 4 , Supplementary File 1 ), all of which showed a trend of downregulation as the seeds matured, even though the variation between replicates rendered the trend non-significant.

Regardless of N application level, AsA content displayed an increasing trend while DHA content was reduced as pepper fruit maturity advanced, resulting in a higher content of total vitamin C at the mature green stage.

According to the spatial variation trends in drought ( Figure 3B ), SPEI 12 showed a decreasing trend in 62.13% of the region, with an overall decrease of 0.036(10 a) -1 .

Spatial analysis showed a clear trend of drought in the subtropical southwest, especially in the Sichuan Basin, which is consistent with previous research findings ( Li et al., 2012 ).

The results show that: 1) from 1952 to 2019, the interannual drought in subtropical China showed an increasing trend, with five extreme droughts recorded, of which 2011 was the most severe one; 2) the simulated average carbon storage of the EBF and ENF during 1985-2019 were 130.58 t·hm -2 and 78.49 t·hm -2 , respectively.

In contrast, the Zn release profiles of all treatments show a decreasing trend of Zn concentration after 48 h.

Overall, an increasing trend was observed in the MBC and MBN values at higher percentages of Zn amendment to the soil.

The difference in Nmin was clearly significant in the formulations with nano-Zn.

An interesting trend of changes was observed for SOD activity, as its activity was upregulated in all Mn treatments ( Figure 4E ).

Among them, AhPLDδ4A showed a continuous increase with the prolongation of cold time, the fold change (FC) at 48 h of cold stress reached 23.48; AhPLDα3A , AhPLDα5A and AhPLDβ1A showed a trend of increasing (0-6 h) first and then decreasing (6-48 h), peaking at 6 h of cold stress with the FC values of 37.19, 27.86 and 16.11, respectively; similarly, AhPLDζ3A and AhPLDφA also showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, while their expression level was increased again after 48 h of cold stress.

The latitudes and longitudes, vegetation coverage, AGB, moisture content, species richness, and community height of the four study areas are presented in Table 1 , which shows that each statistical indicator exhibits a decreasing trend with increasing grassland degradation gradient.

Low temperature effect on the insecticidal protein content of cotton plants Compared with the control (27°C), the content of insecticidal protein in squares decreased under low temperature treatment, and with the decreasing temperature, its content showed a decreasing trend ( Figure 1 ).

Among the traits, GY was highly significant and positively correlated with PH (r = 0.71 **) , and EPP (r = 0.63 ** ) under OPT conditions.

Developing seeds show a decreasing trend in concentration from the proximal to the distal ends.

fortunei families showed an increasing trend with increasing temperature, following an “S” curve, and the half-lethal temperature ranges between 39°C and 43.2°C.

We found that the chlorophyll a content of the #45 and #48 needles showed a decreasing trend with increasing temperature.

With increasing temperature stress, the POD activities of #45 and #48 showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, similar to the changes in SOD activities.

In the present study, the enzyme activities of SPS and SSs related to sucrose synthesis showed a trend of increasing and then stabilizing throughout the reproductive period, while the enzyme activities of SSc, AI, and NI related to sucrose catabolism showed a gradual decrease, which was consistent with the results of previous studies ( Wang et al., 2001 ).

sylvestris showed an increasing trend across the years, whereas L. gmelinii showed a significant decreasing trend in the early years with an upward trend in later years (R 2 = 0.02) ( Figure 4 ).

Soil N and P concentrations both showed an increasing trend with soil salinity (although some cases are not significant, data not shown), however, plant N and P concentrations showed different trends: plant N concentration remained unchanged or decreased, while P concentration remained unchanged or increased with increasing salinity.

With the postponement of the water deficit stage, P n , G s , and T r showed an increasing trend, while C i showed a trend of decreasing at the beginning and then increasing later ( Figure 5D ), while LWUE showed a firmly decreasing trend ( Figure 5F ).

After salt treatment, the levels of ABA, SA, and JA were significantly increased, the levels of GA were decreased, and IAA and tZ showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.