Results Agronomical and physiological traits For SM2, KS and TKW the genotype x environment (GxE) interaction was highly significant ( P < 0.001) in both growing seasons, whereas for GY, PH, and KM2 was only in one growing season (Table 1 ).
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A highly significant difference ( p < 0.001) was observed among lines overall and within the region of origin for all macroelements contents ( Figure 1 ).
Specifically, root length, root surface area, and root dry mass exhibited correlation coefficients greater than 0.50, all reaching highly significant levels (p< 0.001).
fulvum line gave a highly significant variation, P = 0.001 ( Table 4 ).
Similar results were found when assessing root volume:shoot DW ratio which was highly significant ( p < 0.001) ( Figure 1 ) among varieties with a minimum of 1.9 cm 3 g −1 for Q242 ranging up to 4.3 cm 3 g −1 for Q208; the average of all varieties was 3.1 cm 3 g −1 .
Notably, the wrinkled seed phenotype exhibited a highly significant (p < 0.001) negative correlation with starch content (r = -0.71, Table 4 ).
F-statistics of all the three levels of hierarchy were highly significant ( p < 0.001).
Plant Chl content and RWC The effects of SWC, available soil-Pi levels and cowpea varieties were highly significant ( p < 0.001) with regard to the Chl content (Table 1 ).
Furthermore, the Plant hormone signal transduction pathway (ko04075) exhibited highly significant enrichment (p < 0.001).
For both dry and fresh SLW, a trait that generally tracks well with leaf thickness, the irrigation regime effect was highly significant ( P < 0.001) for the Pima population but nonsignificant ( P > 0.05) for the upland population.
The correlation between heading and anthesis was moderate and highly significant ( r =0.51, p <0.001).
indica showed reduced expression of the FtHCT gene, significantly lower expression of the FtCCOAOM and FtC3H1 genes (p < 0.01), and a highly significant reduction in the expression of the FtCAD6 gene (p < 0.001) compared with the control ( Figure 6B ).
Phenotypic relationships between traits Highly significant relationships ( P< 0.001) were identified between the quantitative traits ( Figure 1 ).
We found a significant endophyte effect ( F 1,28 = 5.084, P = 0.032), a highly significant herbivore effect ( F 1,28 = 50.178, P < 0.001) and no significant interaction effect ( F 1,28 = 1.632, P = 0.212) on shoot fresh weight.
SOD activity reached the highest level at the maximal Hg concentration (265.71 ± 7.82 U g –1 min –1 ), and the difference in SOD activity among different Hg treatments was highly significant ( F = 28.755, P < 0.001).
Although marginally significant ( p = 0.001), the height of transgenic plants was only 8% lower than that of Columbia compared to ∼40% reduction seen in 3KO plants (Figure 1 E).
There was a significant genetic variation among accessions for all the traits in the two water conditions, the water treatments had highly significant effects on GNS and ASSN ( p < 0.001; Table 1 and Supplementary Figure 2 ).
deltoidea show the weakest inhibitory activity, with an extremely significant variation compared to the drugs from the other three Coptis plants (P<0.001).
All indicators of seed morphology except LWR present highly significant correlations ( P < 0.001) with latitude.
This study showed that the correlation coefficients among SMD resistance data sets from the various environments were highly significant ( p < 0.001) at 0.26 ~ 0.91 ( Supplementary Table 10 ).
In comparison, the majority of the lines expressing ΔN ZmL (2 lines) or any of the chimeric DGAT1s (2–4 lines identified from each construct) had highly significant ( P < 0.001) increases in lipid levels compared to both wild type and their respective null siblings ( Table 2 and Supplementary Tables 4 , 5 ).
- exhibited a highly significant negative correlation with total sugar content ( P ≤ 0.001).
Statistical analysis demonstrates highly significant strain × temperature interactions with P<0.001 ( Supplementary Table 3 ).
AMOVA results showed that the genetic differences between and within populations were extremely significant ( P < 0.001), at 6.01 and 93.99%, respectively, indicating that the genetic differences mainly came from within populations.
Significant variance components and narrow-sense heritability identified When assessing the 92 populations in the field, population by locations interactions were highly significant ( p ≤ 0.001) for biomass, growth habit and leaf size across years and seasons ( Tables 3 , 4 ).