Excerpts

Pearson correlation analyses showed that soil salt, EC, and BD had a weakly significant negative correlation with Shannon diversity ( p < 0.05).

At 17 dpi ( Figure 8B ), Alistipes and unclassified_f_ Ruminococcaceae showed an extremely significant positive correlation with IFN-γ secretion ( P < 0.05), but Eisenbergiella and Norank_f_Clostridiales_vadinbb60_group were negatively correlated with it ( P < 0.05).

Species differences in different groups The multiple groups’ significant difference test illustrated in Figure 4A reveals that Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003 , Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004 , Tyzzerella , and other genera, demonstrated statistically significant or highly significant differences in average relative abundance across the five groups ( p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.0001).

The high-dose group showed a highly significant suppression of VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and HIF-1α expression ( p < 0.05 and p < 0.0001), with the medium dose also significantly reducing VEGF, VEGFR1, and HIF-1α levels ( p < 0.05 and p < 0.0001) ( Figure 7H ).

In addition, compared with those in the NC group, the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 exhibited a decreasing trend after the D-GalN injection, which was improved by pretreatment with the B. cereus supplement ( P < 0.05) ( Figure 1B ).

After thestatistical analysis, the treatment group displayed extremely significant differences compared with the control group ( P < 0.05).

The SWC was a highly significant driver of fungal community structure both in soil ( F = 5.70–49, p < 0.05; Supplementary Table S2 ) and phyllosphere ( F = 5.70–49, p < 0.01; Supplementary Table S1 ).

There was a highly significant correlation ( p < 0.05) between salivary lactobacilli, dental plaque lactobacilli, and plaque index scores; and between salivary lactobacilli, dental plaque lactobacilli and dmft scores.

Bacterial 16S rRNA gene copy numbers showed a decreasing trend along the succession age ( P < 0.05), which had a significant correlation with TC ( r = 0.717, P < 0.001).

Also in root and shoot after treatments, as mentioned in section “Statistical Analysis”, antioxidant enzymes such as PAL (12.1 μmol trans-cinnamic acid min g –1 fresh weight, 22.1 μmol trans-cinnamic acid min g –1 fresh weight), APx (550.2 unit g –1 fresh weight, 1050.16 unit g –1 fresh weight), POx (900.2, 1800.2), H 2 O 2 (2.9 mmol mg –1 protein, 7.1 mmol mg –1 protein) SOD (419.9 unit g –1 fresh weight., 619.8 unit g –1 fresh weight.), CAT (819.9 unit g –1 fresh weight., 1219.8 unit g –1 fresh weight.), and Chitinase (10.2 nKat g –1 , 21.4 nKat g –1 ) were found to be highly significant i.e., P < 0.05 for surfactin as compared to other treatment.

Differences were considered significant and highly significant at p < 0.05 and < 0.01, respectively.

Two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni posttest showed highly significant variations in the expression pattern of gd at 95% probability ( p ≤ 0.05).

Compared with control piglets, there was an increasing trend of Lactobacillaceae of recipient piglets both on days 12 and 27 ( P > 0.05).

Contrarily, a decreasing trend was observed for both swarming in TG_184 isolates ( r 2 = 0.315; p < 0.05), and swimming in ZC_179 isolates ( r 2 = 0.648; p < 0.05; Table 4 ; Supplementary Figures 6C4,D4 ).

The results showed, compared with control piglets, Firmicutes of recipient piglets were increased ( P < 0.05) and a decreasing trend of Bacteroidetes was found in recipient piglets at day 12 ( P > 0.05).

The SEM diagrams represent aggregate responses of complex bacterial systems to abiotic drivers, and as such, it is not surprising that many of these links were relatively weak or weakly significant ( p < 0.05).

We performed Pearson correlation analysis of MP degradation gene profiles with genus-level microbes and selected highly significant and highly correlated (0.7 < |r| < 1, p < 0.05 ) relationships to demonstrate co-occurring networks, which indicated that microbes may be potential hosts for significantly enriched MP degradation gene profiles ( Figure 4 and Supplementary Table S2 ).

Compared with CG treatment, the mortality rate of piglets in AG had a decreasing trend ( P > 0.05), while the diarrhea rate decreased significantly ( P < 0.05).

Statistical differences were declared as significant and highly significant at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively.

The significant and highly significant differences were set as p < 0.05 and < 0.01, respectively.

A Monte-Carlo permutation test showed that the top 60 genera from amplicon data were used as vectors, and 16 out of these genera showed a highly significant correlation ( P < 0.05) with the functional gene structure within the compartments (see Figure 5 ).

basilicum leaves extract was found to be highly significant ( P < 0.05) in degrading AFB1 and AFB2, i.e., 90.4 and 88.6%, respectively.

The content of epicatechin and saponins showed a significant positive correlation ( P < 0.05) and an extremely significant positive correlation ( P < 0.05), respectively, with the pH value.

According to the correlation analysis of differential metabolites in the serum and VFA parameters ( Figure 8A ), results showed that Acetate, Propionate, Butyrate, and L-Carnitine, PC (18:1/0:0), 2-amino-4-({2-[(2-carbon-2-hydroxy-1-phenyl ethyl) sulfinyl]-1-(carbo) Metabolites such as 3-Buten-1-amine and Glucosylsphingosine were negatively correlated with N,N-dimethyl-Safingol, 16-Hydroxy hexadecanoic acid, Polyoxyethylene 40 monostearate and PC [16:0/18:2(9Z, 2z)] and other metabolites showed positive correlation, among which Butyrate and L-Carnitine had extremely significant negative correlation ( p < 0.05), Isovalerate and PC (18:1/0:0) and PC [20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/0:0].

Notably, along the increasing PAH concentrations in soil, the average niche width (8.83–11.05) of the community showed a trend of gradual increase ( Figure 4A ; ANOVA, p < 0.05).