Excerpts

The Shannon index of the BIO group after disease onset showed an increasing and then decreasing trend, whereas the Chao1 index showed a decreasing trend.

The relative species abundance and bacterial diversity in the bamboo shoot portions both showed an increasing trend in the order U > M > D.

This is because microbial biomarkers are often based on specific fermentation patterns or relatively stable microbial community structures, and in the non-fermentor-driven fermentation dynamic environment, it is difficult to accurately capture markers with real indicative significance, and the dynamic changes of microbial communities represented by these markers become elusive, which can easily lead to mislead the subsequent analysis and conclusion derivation.

T1 and T3 did not show significant increases in exchangeable Mn, whereas T2 and T4 showed highly significant increases in exchangeable Mn.

In contrast, RCP on sunny slopes demonstrated a decreasing trend with rising altitude ( Supplementary Figure 5e ).

Soil cellulase demonstrates a highly significant positive correlation with nitrate nitrogen and organic matter.

Urease activity on the shady slope demonstrates an increasing trend with altitude, while on sunny slopes, the rise in urease activity is markedly more pronounced compared to shady slopes.

Meta-regression The meta-regression analysis revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between resistance rates over the years for several antibiotics, indicating an increasing trend in resistance.

The early stage of vaccination induced a cellular immune response in pigs, as demonstrated by the serum concentrations of three types of cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) in the vaccine-treated group, which exhibited an increasing trend at week 2 after the first immunization and then reverted to the similar levels to that of the control group at week 4 ( Figure 5B ).

And a decreasing trend of Δ Ψ m was observed in the XT cells compared to the NX group.

Interestingly, survival rate of XT cells showed an increasing trend.

In the CON group, both the Shannon and Chao1 indices showed decreasing trends by day 42 compared to day 28, although Chao1 index showed an increasing trend from day 42 to day 56.

In this study, the CON group exhibited a decreasing trend in alpha diversity by day 42 following dietary transition, while the YPS group showed an increasing trend.

(2020) , the activities of CAT, POD, and SOD showed an overall trend of increased first and then decreased, which to some extent protected the C. comatus by clearing reactive oxygen.

The oxidation product malondialdehyde increased from day 0 to 15, and then showed a decreasing trend.

They found that the iron reduction antioxidant capacity and reduction ability of air dried and baked samples stored at room temperature and low temperature show an increasing trend compared to before storage.

In this study, we found that the primary BA levels in the DCTT group were lower compared to the NCTT and HC groups, with no significant differences in total and secondary BAs across the three groups, although a decreasing trend was noted in the DCTT group.

muelleri showed an increasing trend, with the last completely green leaf stage (Stage 7) having the largest number of bacterial and fungal OTUs and the highest microbial diversity and richness.

subtilis natto at 48 h showed a decreasing trend.

The intracellular and extracellular MK-7 showed an increasing trend ( Figures 1C , D ).

From Figure 11 it can be seen that almost all of the chitinase genes were significantly up-regulated in expression at 24 h after the addition of spore induction, with the highest expression at 24 h, which showed a trend of induced expression.

The second experimental stage revealed that supplementation with verbena officinalis led to an increasing trend in Cyanobacteria , although the change was not statistically significant.

Conversely, the relative abundance of Achromobacter and Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia showed a decreasing trend.

The Shannon_E and Simpson indices, which account for both richness and evenness, showed a trend of decreasing diversity from Group C to Group H.

Results revealed an overall trend of initial increase followed by decline in gene abundance.