Excerpts

Both chicken leg- and breast-derived myogenic cells showed a decreasing trend in the relative amount of PDGFRA mRNA, a fibroblast-specific marker, as pre-plating progressed ( p < 0.05).

TPC showed highly significant differences among the five plum cultivars ( p < 0.05) ( Figure 4 a), and the values varied from 108.54 to 271.74 mg of GAE/100 g with an average of 197.00 mg of GAE/100 g.

Observing the pictures reveals that the turbidity of MP always maintains a decreasing trend, and with the enhancement of ultrasound, the degree of decline reached 48.5% ( p < 0.05).

There was no significant difference in the PT at the 5–15% addition level ( p < 0.05), but it showed an increasing trend at the 20–30% level ( p < 0.05).

During the germination process, the total soluble sugar content in the germ exhibited a decreasing trend, whereas the content in the cotyledons remained relatively stable in the early stages of germination (up to the first 8 days) before a significant decrease ( p < 0.05) was observed on the 10th day.

With increasing CA concentration, the absolute zeta-potential of the complex exhibited a decreasing trend, with no significant differences ( p < 0.05) observed between all concentrations.

Differently, at pH 6.00 and AP/RT conditions, we observed a clear trend with an increase ( p < 0.05) of both TML and HREF of 1–2 logs, while no noticeable changes were observed for TML and HREF under RF ( Figure 2 ).

Response Surface Experiment Optimization The above results fully analyzed the effects of different treatments on emulsions, where the effect on emulsion particle size and zeta potential was highly significant ( p < 0.05).

Although all samples exhibited an increasing trend in TBARS values throughout the storage period, the control samples showed significantly ( p < 0.05) higher TBARS values from day 3 of refrigerated storage onwards, indicating spoilage by day 5 compared to the treated samples.

In the storage time range from 3 to 28 d, the retention rate of PC and microcapsules showed a decreasing trend, and microcapsules were more resistant to storage than single PC; there was a significant difference between them ( p < 0.05), such as when the storage time was extended to 28 d.

As the incubation time progressed (12 and 24 h at 4 °C), rennet-added SMS showed a highly significant ( p < 0.05) decrease in κ-CN and a gradual increase ( p < 0.05) in LMWP, which indicated that a higher concentration of rennet at extended incubation time (12 and 24 h) led to more κ-CN breakdown into para-κ-CN and GMP ( Figure 1 b–g).

The retention of PC in both single PC and microcapsules showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with increasing concentration of sodium bisulfite solution in the range of 0.1–0.5 mg/mL ( Figure 7 D) ( p < 0.05).

The pasting temperatures did not significantly differ between WRM and WRM:WF (borderline significance, p = 0.05), indicating that from 50% of whole rye meal, the pasting temperature of the blends remained more or less the same.

As shown in Figure 6 A, the O 2.- production rates of all the treatments presented an increasing trend, and the O 2.- production rates of the treatment group M5 were all significantly lower than that of the control ( p < 0.05).

Notably, ZO-1 and Occludin-1 were not significantly different in the PIMPH group compared to PIMPL, whereas Claudin-1 expression was highly significant ( p < 0.05).

The brittleness of the laver chip increased with increasing amounts of corn syrup, while the puffing ratio did not show a significant trend within the range of 111.68 to 113.89 N ( p < 0.05).

As shown in Table 4 , the optimal cooking time of BRNs showed an increasing trend with the increase in retrograded time, from 6.42 min (BRN1h) to 9.97 min (BRN9h) ( p < 0.05).

Highly significant differences were observed in all formulas, according to Tukey ( p < 0.05).

A one-way ANOVA revealed a highly significant effect of product on the growth potential (Δ) of L. monocytogenes ((F/4,10) = 31.3, p < 0.05).

pH The pH of all the treatments showed an increasing trend with the storage period, with the increase being significant ( p < 0.05) in T0 at each successive storage interval ( Table 2 ).

In contrast, the blend type had a highly significant impact on nearly all parameters, including AA (EtOH) (F = 78.08, p < 0.05), CFC (F = 75.97, p < 0.05), Hard (F = 438.21, p < 0.05), and L* (F = 1037.56, p < 0.05).

Contrarily, highly significant ( p < 0.05) correlations were obtained between different parameters, a fact also suggested by their closeness on the graph, for example: protein and C12 (r = 0.807); fat and C4 (r = 0.852), C5 (r = 0.846), C54 (r = 0.840), and resilience (r = 0.859); WA and P (r = 0.822) and W (r = 0.833); stabilit

Factors C, A 2 , B 2 , and C 2 all showed a highly significant effect ( p < 0.05).

As shown in Figure 2 D, the solubility of MP in all groups exhibited a decreasing trend with an increasing temperature ( p < 0.05), which was opposite to the trend of surface hydrophobicity.

Therefore, a definite trend about the effect of prior pressure level could not be concluded ( p > 0.05).