Excerpts

The prevalence of COPD demonstrated an increasing trend from 1990 to 2021 in both the 20–54 years age group (rising from 1111.39 to 1190.62 per 100,000 individuals) and the age group over 55 years (increasing from 10,203.61 to 10,477.36 per 100,000 individuals), with AAPCs of 0.23 and 0.09, respectively.

There was an increasing trend in overweight/obesity, a declining trend in thinness, and a minimal increase in stunting.

In addition, the difference between treated and control schools in the share of classrooms that had soap which appeared to be in use is highly significant at midline (31.8 percentage points).

The inter-provincial migrants constituted the majority (65.74%) of HIV-infected pregnant women in Zhejiang, with an increasing trend over the study period.

We also note that around 2000, Africa uniquely experienced a shift from a declining to an increasing trend in the average aging population (Fig.

Some of the objectively assessed environmental variables became only borderline significant, because of larger confidence intervals caused by the larger number of categories.

The average cost of ACUs increased from ~ 16,000 THB (2016 to 2019) to ~ 19,000 THB in 2020 and ~ 32,000 THB in 2021. Thailand experienced an increasing trend in hospitalization expenditures, especially the rapid increase during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021 (Fig. 1 A).

The total prevalence of REC and eREC was 85.1% and 71.7%, respectively, and both of them showed an increasing trend with age (Ptrend = 0.018 and Ptrend = 0.019, respectively).

If the lower limit of the 95% CI for the APC/AAPC is greater than zero, the corresponding ASMR and ASDR show an increasing trend, and vice versa; if it includes 0, the IS burden owing to high LDL-C is stable.

While the mortality and DALY rate of IS attributable to high LDL-C exhibited a first increasing and then a decreasing trend over time in women aged 80–84 years and older, reaching a peak during the period of 2000–2004.

For energy, carbohydrate, protein, fiber, calcium, vitamin C, and iron intake, an increasing trend was observed from the first to the third tertile, and then DQI-I subgroups such as variety and adequacy also increased.

In addition, the OR for AST was less than 1.000 and exhibited an increasing trend from the second quartile to the fourth quartile across all models.

GSHS reported an increasing trend in school bullying in the UAE from 21% in 2005 to 27% in 2016 [ 13 , 14 ].

In general, AIDS, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and syphilis showed an increasing trend, at the rates of 1.64%, 5.78%, 0.04%, 2.53%, and 4.47%, respectively.

Mumps and rubella showed a decreasing trend first and then increased, and the cases of rubella increased by 677.40% in 2019.

For women in the 60–80-year age group who had a decreasing trend in SBP before their WC was less than 80 cm, SBP increased rapidly after their WC was greater than 80 cm, showing a U-shaped relationship.

This extended model significantly outperforms the standard SIR model, revealing oscillatory behaviors and an increasing trend in the number of infected individuals.

Figure 3 describes the absolute cumulative difference between the predicted and observed values, which peaked at nearly 200,000 less than predicted, with a slight trend for recuperation beginning during the first half of 2022.

If the EAPCs value and its 95% CI are above zero, it indicates an increasing trend, and vice versa.

In our analysis, the marginally significant higher mortality risk in the harmful drinking group compared to low-risk drinkers could be attributed to the small group size and death count ( N = 16).

This study found an overall trend of negative correlation between humidity and the exposure–response relationship for LRTI hospitalizations in children.

Compared to Sikkim, the state of Meghalaya had more diarrhoea, ARI and fever, and it was statistically highly significant.

aIC, BIC, and aBIC showed a decreasing trend, and both LMR and BLRT were significant, and the category with a sample size of 5% existed in the 4 categories, so it was excluded.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of university students in China, conducted from 2006 to 2015, revealed an increasing trend in alcohol consumption, with an increased rate of up to 66.8% in males and 31.7% in females among undergraduates [ 3 ].

During the study period, the number of hypertension hospitalizations showed an increasing trend and fluctuated with the seasons.