Excerpts

In China, the period effects showed improvement during 2002–2006, while the rest of the past two decades exhibited an adverse trend.

Positive values indicate an increasing trend, while negative values signify a decreasing trend.

One key question is if and how socioeconomic groups differ in LTSA prevalence based on mental disorders, and to what extent there is an increasing trend in different groups.

Nutrition There was a significant decrease in severe wasting (WHO weight for height z-score < -3 for under five children) at the onset of COVID-19 and a slightly significant slope change for the pre-and COVID-19 periods (Fig. 5 ).

Body Mass Index-categories (BMI) were significantly connected to breakfast skipping, showing a pronounced trend of less frequent breakfast skipping among underweight individuals (aOR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.2–0.98).

Country-Level traffic accident trends: analysis using growth mixture models When considering all road types, the number of traffic accident victims showed a decreasing trend until 2017.

However, since 2018, an increasing trend has been observed, as estimated by the cubic model.

The quadratic term’s highly significant p -value highlights the importance of this non-linear pattern.

The majority of the twelve included studies were cross-sectional studies, showing a decreasing trend in PA.

This value indicates the annual increase or decrease, with negative values ​​indicating a decreasing trend and positive values indicating an increasing trend [ 26 , 27 ].

The results of the age subgroups and the age dimension of the APC model jointly indicate that the prevalence of low back pain exhibits an increasing trend with advancing age, peaking in older age groups before subsequently declining.

The trends are as follows: (1) EAPC and its 95% CI > 0 indicate an increasing trend in ASR, (2) the EAPC value and its 95% CI < 0 indicate a decreasing trend in ASR, and (3) the other results indicate a stable increase or decrease in ASR over time.

In detail, an increasing trend in ASPR was observed in five regions and 26.0% of countries or territories, while twelve regions and 30.0% of countries or territories reported a decreasing trend.

Furthermore, for those with higher healthy lifestyle scores, an increasing trend in ALB level was observed (P for trend = 0.003).

An association close to the limit of significance was observed between dioxin exposure and increased risk of breast cancer in a French case–control study nested in a national cohort [ 60 ].

Kim et al., 2022 [ 57 ] observed a near-significant association between increased proximity to incinerators and the prevalence of physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis in a Korean study.

Similarly, an increased trend of NHL mortality (+ 29%) and a trend close to significance for NHL morbidity (+ 21%) was observed among men of an Italian cohort exposed to elevated concentrations of NO x emitted from Pisa MSWI [ 51 ].

Two studies observed non-significant increase in leukemia mortality risk among exposed individuals [ 51 , 53 ], and one study identified an increasing trend in leukemia hospitalization among exposed men [ 51 ].

The macroeconomic burden of malaria mortality presents an increasing trend.

While effect sizes around 1.5–2.0 represent moderate risks, they remain highly significant from a public health perspective due to their broad population impact.

In contrast, time-varying characteristics between ages 22 and 49 might be significant confounders for the associations between work and income trajectories and health outcomes at age 50.

Based on three regression models, the odds of having hypertension increased significantly with an increasing trend as age advanced, family history of hypertension, tobacco chewing, Obesity (BMI > 25.5), and salt consumption (> 5gm/day) were found to be significantly associated with the prevalence of hypertension among adult population of rural areas after controlling for all the confounders.

In contrast, the DWs for later-emerging symptoms, such as chest tightness, palpitations, and insomnia, show an increasing trend.

Overall, in the current study, the trend in urban and rural areas is quite the same: younger people use modern contraceptives more often than older people, which is a positive trend from a public health perspective.

From 1990 to 2021, there was an increasing trend for the disease burden globally.