Excerpts

This may reflect an acceleration of the digitalisation of marketing during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 53 ], although an increasing trend was likely already underway.

A systematic review showed an increasing trend of allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies in children in South Korea [ 3 ].

In individuals who never smoked, an increasing trend in FeNO with increasing PAH concentration (except for 1-PHE) was observed only in the GLM, but this difference lacked statistical significance.

Additionally, a systematic review and meta-analysis highlighted an increasing trend of excess weight among young Iranian children [ 7 ].

However, as the TyG index increased, the 95% CI showed a trend toward 1 (Fig. 4 a), which was significant when we excluded the extreme values of the TyG index (Fig. 4 b).

However, there was a decreasing trend in death rates for women that occurred between September 2020 and January 2021.

Adolescents with chronic illnesses are portrayed as being less healthy despite an increasing trend in the big six health behaviors since the pandemic began; this may be because they are more susceptible to infection and spend less time outdoors.

The children participating in the present study showed a trend towards a shorter stature for age.

However, there was one statistically significant correlation and two near-significant correlations, but it is difficult to explain this in a logical way.

After adjusting covariates, HR values in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quantile showed an increasing trend compared with the 1st quantile, and the risk of disability among WWI subjects in the 4th quantile increased by 43% (95% CI: 1.24–1.64).

Lung cancer incidence in the last decades had a decreasing trend among males, whereas it is still increasing among females [ 21 , 22 ].

However, unexpectedly, the duration of stay at most THSR stations showed an increasing trend, whereas patterns in TR stations varied across cities (Fig. 2 ).

Combined with the absence of an increasing trend in the mortality rates for men, this resulted in notably smaller gender differences between 2014 and 2019.

We considered a p -value between 0.05 and 0.10 to be borderline significant.

The result of GAM exhibits a partially significant lag effect on acute respiratory diseases in cumulative mode.

Although statistical significance was not achieved, the analysis of moderate and vigorous physical activity showed a trend towards reducing the risk of pain.

This indicates that the efforts made by the Chinese government in controlling air pollution have been successful, and there is a positive trend in improving air quality in China.

In our gender-stratified analysis, we also observed an increasing trend of problem drinking for women workers in gender-mixed and male-dominated industries compared to female-dominated industries.

Results PCMC in China showing a decreasing trend.

By contrast, categorization of social, familial and personal factors only confirmed the association of social activity score, IADL and number of comorbidities with the presence of incident depressive symptoms, and marginal significance was seen for number of grandchildren.

Additionally, the findings of other studies conducted specifically among parents of children with FA showed a trend toward higher knowledge scores compared to other populations, such as school teachers, school nurses, restaurant staff, and the public [ 37 – 44 ].

Our results are in concordance with the earlier publication which suggested an increasing trend in the incidence of CRC in Asia [ 5 ].

An increasing trend toward increasing NCD incidence among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) with prolonged longevity related to the coverage and effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been reported worldwide [ 3 – 5 ].

Figure 3 shows the trend of ORs for binary logistic regression analysis of SSB consumption, ST and PFI in Chinese adolescents.Overall, it can be seen that with SSB consumption ≤ 1time/week and ST < 60 min/d as the reference group, as SSB consumption and ST increased, the risk of lower PFI also increased, and the OR values showed an increasing trend, i.e., shifted to the right continuously.

Phthalate metabolites in the present study exhibited an increasing trend in concentrations over pregnancy, except for MEHP.