Excerpts

Drowning rates in all countries reported a downward trend, with the exception of Morocco and Egypt, which WHO mortality data indicated an increasing trend in fatal unintentional drowning between 2004 and 05 and 2014–15 [ 80 ] (Fig. 2 ).

However, both estimates are likely to be significant underreports due to the exclusion of fatal unintentional drowning due to transportation and disaster-related causes.

A positive trend regarding paid work was observed, while social visits decreased.

Conclusions In conclusion, there is an increasing trend for cardiovascular disease prediction models developed and validated in the Chinese population, but the validation study was still insufficient.

Cannabis is generally perceived as less harmful than other psychoactive substances [ 19 ], and there is a decreasing trend in its perceived harmfulness [ 20 , 21 , 22 ].

This is especially true because there seems to be a change in young people’s sleep patterns [ 5 ] and a negative trend in academic achievement in mathematics and science reported for Norwegian students [ 6 ].

In the Amazon, of the 41 cantons, 15 maintain an increasing trend between medium and low, however, the cantons of Lago Agrio and Morona are the only ones with a medium increasing trend and with rates above the threshold (20.6‰ and 24.05‰ respectively).

All the trajectory groups showed an increasing trend during young adulthood, but with different baseline levels and incremental gradients in the current study [ 25 – 29 ].

Tobacco addiction among youth shows an increasing trend while smokeless type is becoming more common.

However, the only decrease that was both statistically and practically significant ( d ≥ 0.5) was in the SMM (kg) (Table 4 ) of 18-year-old boys.

The average cost of hospitalization expenses per case of HE in Gansu Province was ¥24,370.2 with an increasing trend during the study period and was negative with different counties’ corresponding gross domestic product (GDP).

However, when the individual contribution of the MED diet was investigated, the inverse association between the MED diet and risk of HTN was marginally significant [HR (95% CI) = 0.82 (0.79-1.00) in those with a MED score ≥ 4 compared to those < 4] [ 27 ].

Figure 9 and the t-test also show that interval 1 showed a decreasing trend after the city lockdown, which indicates that as various measures such as lockdown and universal nucleic acid test progressed, more and more cases were diagnosed in isolation.

However, the effect was only marginally significant, and the bias corrected and accelerated bootstrap confidence interval included zero, suggesting non-significance.

In model I, caregivers in the RMV-ECD arm were more likely than caregivers in the RM arm to score well in ECD knowledge (AOR 4.90, 95%CI: 3.16, 7.59), early stimulation (AOR 1.88, 95%CI: 1.36, 2.58), and father engagement (AOR 1.90, 95%CI: 1.45, 2.48), and a marginally significant protective association was found on environment risks.

However, the study conducted in Mainland China from 2008 to 2013 found that only the pain/discomfort (from 9.3 to 12.6%) dimension showed an increasing trend in the percentage of reported problems [ 16 ].

Although less physically vulnerable to COVID-19, arguably the impact of the pandemic on student mental health may be significant, due to disruption of social support and additional educational pressures.

In Belgium, an increasing trend was registered in the age groups between 50 and 79 years in men and 50–59 and 70–79 in women.

In our gender-stratified analysis, we also observed an increasing trend of problem drinking for women workers in gender-mixed and male-dominated industries compared to female-dominated industries.

Adolescents with chronic illnesses are portrayed as being less healthy despite an increasing trend in the big six health behaviors since the pandemic began; this may be because they are more susceptible to infection and spend less time outdoors.

Additionally, a systematic review and meta-analysis highlighted an increasing trend of excess weight among young Iranian children [ 7 ].

Despite the implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2005 and overwhelming evidence of the health risk of smoking and the benefits of quitting [ 4 – 6 ], smoking prevalence among Chinese men remains high at 50.8% in 2018, with an increasing trend from 40.2 to 52.1% (2007 to 2018) among rural males born after 1990 [ 7 ].

The number of internet users and the average usage time have shown an increasing trend (see Fig. 1 ).

If the lower limit of the 95% CI for the APC/AAPC is greater than zero, the corresponding ASMR and ASDR show an increasing trend, and vice versa; if it includes 0, the IS burden owing to high LDL-C is stable.

While the mortality and DALY rate of IS attributable to high LDL-C exhibited a first increasing and then a decreasing trend over time in women aged 80–84 years and older, reaching a peak during the period of 2000–2004.