“nominally significant”

A small proportion of associations and interactions with sex were nominally significant at P < 0.05 but not the more conservative 0.001 threshold; these may reflect a degree of type-1 error.

As expected based upon the number of correlations, one correlation was nominally significant (white, 6 Hz ssVEP versus sex, r = 0.33, p < 0.05).

All 15 representative traits remained nominally significant (p<0.05) and showed consistent effect directions between marginal and conditional analyses ( Supplementary file 1 ).

Accordingly, functional enrichment analyses in these short-exposure groups focused on nominally significant genes ( p -value <0.05) to identify potentially relevant biological processes, without attempting high-confidence regulatory network construction or hub gene identification.

A total of 14 genes involved in the Wnt/β-catenin canonical pathway demonstrated significant differential expression when adjusting the FC barrier to ±2 at a nominally significant p -value ( p < 0.05) and multiple testing correction (FDR < 0.05).

Despite the considerably smaller sample size, 71% of the lead SNPs from the pooled discovery meta-analysis were at least nominally significant in the replication dataset ( P < 0.05) and there was a high positive correlation between the effect size estimates of the discovery stage and the replication dataset (Pearson’s r = 0.94, P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ; Extended Data Fig. 6a ).

The remaining ∼827k probes were then subset to include only those with observed nominally significant Pearson correlation ( p < 0.05) between blood and brain tissue from the ImageCpG data repository ( 82 ), which focused analysis onto loci with greater prospect for proxy or surrogate status with etiologically-relevant CNS tissue.

Model 4 constrains the MZ pair correlation to be twice the correlation for DZ and sister pairs combined, and the comparison of the log-likelihoods with those of Model 2 shows that, except for Cirrocumulus , there was at least nominally significant evidence that the MZ correlations were more than twice the corresponding correlations for DZ and sister pairs combined (all p ≤ 0.05).

Briefly, drugs were ranked by their frequency of being at least nominally significant ( p < 0.05) across the four time windows and eight models ( Table 4 ).

To avoid complex causality relationships, we excluded the results that showed a nominally significant MR estimate in the other direction ( P < 0.05).

In addition, rs713998 showed a nominally significant ( P < 0.05) association with verbal memory, and this association did not remain after Bonferroni correction (verbal memory subtest score: A/A and A/G = −1.74 ± 1.28, G/G = −2.19 ± 1.31, β = 0.210, t = 2.704, permutation P value = 0.029).

A few traits exhibited nominally significant associations ( p < 0.05), but the effect directions were inconsistent across traits and sensitivity analyses (weighted median, MR Egger) did not uniformly support these findings.

The conditional analysis shows that 45 (including 42 genes) out of the total 74 (~60.8%) unique associations are still nominally significant when conditioned on known GWAS variants ( p < 0.05, Supplementary Table S4 ).

However, in successive models of Model 3 and 4 (addition of POAG established and suspected risk factors), and Model 5 (further adjust for co-morbidities), we observed that while no metabolite exhibited significance at the NEF < 0.2 level (except for LPC(16:0) in Model 3), all were nominally significant and the direction of associations for the metabolites was similar ( p < 0.05).

The 295 nominally significant GO terms (raw p < 0.05) and the top 20 KEGG pathways were summarized in the Supplement ( Table S7 , S8 ).

We identified a fully connected cluster of diseases where all pairwise genetic correlations were nominally significant (p ≤ 0.05).

In addition, missense mutations in MYRF and ASRGL 1 under previously reported linkage peaks at 7q14.3 and 11q12.3 segregated completely in one family and in follow‐up genotyping both were nominally significant ( P < 0.05).

In addition, we identified a nominally significant negative genetic correlation ( P < 0.05) between depression and the volume of the hippocampus (rG = -0.06, P = 2.00 x 10 -2 ).

After these corrections, the average reference allele frequency at all heterozygous sites was 0.5, and 50.02% of nominally significant ( P < 0.05) allele-specific variants favored the reference allele ( Fig. 1 B).

Out of 27 SNPs, correlation with absolute latitude was nominally significant (p < 0.05) for 13 of them.

We first used the set-based test feature in PLINK with 100 000 permutations to identify up to 5 SNPs in each gene that were independent of one another ( r 2 <0.5) and nominally significant ( P <0.05).

Variants with FDR < 0.05 in at least one source were confirmed as nominally significant ( p < 0.05) with consistent effect direction in the other available data sources.

Moreover, 113 blood metabolites and six inflammatory factors showed nominally significant causal associations with LC risk ( P < 0.05).

Linear regression analysis revealed nominally significant association ( P < 0.05, without multiple testing correction) between SNPs in the 20 kb region flanking ARC and the visuospatial ability subset, delayed episodic memory, and episodic memory (Table 4 ).

Nominally significant ( P < 0.05) associations were observed at nine SNPs in a direction consistent with the established association.