“nominally significant”

Colocalisation We employed the Bayesian colocalisation method coloc 69 to assess whether the nominally significant (p-value < 0.05) MR effects observed for drug targets were indicative of causation or potentially confounded by linkage disequilibrium (LD) 70 .

We found nominally significant correlations between nausea (SSQ) and Path-Choice (r s = 0.26, p < 0.05), between sensory fidelity (PQ3) and Path-Choice (r s = 0.30, p < 0.05), between interface quality (PQ3) and Fishing (r s = 0.26, p < 0.05), and between somatic concerns (ASI) and Fishing (r s = 0.26, p < 0.05), but none survived correction for multiple testing.

Candidate gene approach None of the imputed variants previously reported as gait speed candidate genes such as ACE , ACTN3, COMT and APOE reached a nominally significant (p<0.05) threshold ( Supplementary Table 3 ).

A nominally significant association was observed between survival and the DPP4 enzymatic activity at day 1 (p<0.05), with a higher DPP4 activity being associated with an increase in survival.

In total, 116 associations were identified to be associated with AF at the nominally significant level ( p < 0.05, Supplementary Table S4 ).

There was predominantly a candidate gene approach using common alleles, which despite small sample sizes (median 93 [IQR 40–222]) with no trend to an increase over time, generated a high proportion (74.5%) of nominally significant (p<0.05) reported associations suggesting the possibility of significance-chasing bias.

After correction, the associations between VFM and fibre, magnesium, biotin or trans fatty acids were no longer nominally significant (P > 0.05).

Genetically predicted older age at first sexual intercourse (AFS), AAM, and elevated sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were suggestively associated with increased odds of achieving 90th percentile longevity, while genetically predicted levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) had the opposite effect (nominally significant, p < 0.05).

SAS (v9.4, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) was used for the statistical analyses with a nominally significant level of P <0.05.

Exploratory pathway enrichment analyses based on nominally significant proteins ( p < 0.05) from the iciHHV‐6 proteomic models are summarized in Figure S2 (Supplementary materials 8 ) and detailed in Appendix V .

Differential methylation analysis identified 6095 nominally significant differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCs; p < 0.05, log fold-change > 0.1), associated with 2935 unique genes.

Results From the 52 CpGs identified in blood and selected for replication, 15 CpGs showed nominally significant associations with type 2 diabetes in the Lifelines sample ( p < 0.05).

After harmonizing the exposure and outcome alleles and conducting MR analysis, nominally significant associations were detected using the IVW method ( P < .05), with consistent trends observed in the WM and MR-Egger methods.

Of the 87 associations, 79 are with markers present in two or more populations and of these, 19 show nominally significant heterogeneity ( P < 0.05).

Nominally significant items/reasons (P < 0.05) are highlighted.

Notably, 11 loci exhibited nominally significant ( P < 0.05) association with IGCTs: CLPTM1L , PITX1 , SPRY4 , TNXB , two loci of BAK1 , KATNA1 , DEPTOR , GAB2-NARS2 , HNF1B , and TKTL2 (Fig. 4 ; Supplementary Data 1 ).

The mediating effects of three body fat indexes ( BMI, WHR and body fat percentage ), which were nominally significant in both models ( P < 0.05), were further evaluated for nature indirect effects ( NIE ) and nature direct effects ( NDE ) on the impact of age on diabetes oncome by VanderWeele's mediation approach 25 , 26 , 27 as follows: M B o d y _ f a t _ i n d e x e s = β 0 + β A g e ⋅ A g e + B ⋅ C o v a r i a

Multivariable modelling and the relations between predictor variables All predictor variables having shown nominally significant (p < 0.05) effects on hand preference in univariable testing (i.e. all but maternal smoking) were then included in the multivariable analysis, using general linear modelling (Methods), with hand preference as the dependent variable.

The excess statistical significance test will also be used which determines whether the observed number of studies with nominally significant results ( p < 0.05) is larger than their expected number [ 70 , 71 ].

For 15 out of 57 associations we found a cis -SNP with a nominally significant interaction QTL after Bonferroni correction across tested SNPs ( p <0.05; Supplementary Table S3 ).

Sex-specific SI Trends during Growth The interaction effect of categorical age (<6 or ≥6 years) and sex on SI was nominally significant ( p = 0.05).

Of the 246 main meta-analyses, 56 variants within 45 different genes showed nominally significant genetic associations with lung cancer ( p -value < 0.05) (Table 1 , Supplementary Table S2 ).

Three MR models (IVW, weighted median, and GSMR) demonstrated nominally significant ( p < 0.05) causal effect of IPF on CAD, with the estimated liability-scale odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.08 to 1.38 (Table 2 ).

The second analysis mirrored attempts to replicate the pattern previously suggested for multiple sclerosis, 13 – 16 that is, finding a nominally significant ( p < 0.05) excess of births in March, April, or May and/or a nominally significant ( p < 0.05) deficit in November, December, or January.

Plasma NFL alone (Pathway 3) showed nominally significant mediation effects for ADAS13, CDRSB, MEM, and LAN (total indirect effect: all uncorrected P < 0.05) ( Figure 2IV .A, B; Table S9); however, after FDR correction, only the mediation effect on MEM remained significant ( P < 0.05).