“highly significant”

As expected, the PY effect was highly significant (P < 2 × 10 −16 ), and the smoking group W5Y remained significant after correcting for PY (P = 0.008).

The linear model is highly significant ( p -value < 2 × 10 − 16 ), and 62% of the ENL variance is explained by the time of development ( R a d j 2 ≈ 0.62 ), while the residuals of the model follows a normal distribution ( p -value 0.3375 in the Shapiro–Wilk test; see Supplementary SI.2 for details).

After accounting for the general tendency for each participant to report higher or lower GAD-7 scores (Model 2), and adjusting for other covariates (Model 3), highly significant dose-response trends were evident (p < 2e-16 for each), adding 2–3 additional points to GAD-7 scores in highest categories of exposure ( Table 3 and S4 Table ).

A resampling approach showed a highly significant association between methylation profiles in blood at baseline and future disease status (P=2.0×10 −16 ).

Finally, LASSO analysis was not adjusted for age due to its high correlation with diagnosis (Pearson r = 0.74) and strong potential for solely predicting diagnosis, indicating a highly significant association (logistic regression estimate = 0.225, p < 2e‐16, Akaike information criterion [AIC] = 124,231).

The inherited expanded CAG repeat length and the age at sampling were shown to have a highly significant association with the ratio of somatic CAG expansions of the disease-associated allele observed in blood DNA (p < 2 × 10 −16 ).

The Fligner–Killeen test of homogeneity of variances is also highly significant ( p < 2 × 10 −16 ) between ht-UtLM6 and CR-LM6.

The enrichment of TEs at species-specific binding sites were highly significant both with a chi-square test (Hs χ 2 = 142.8, Mm χ 2 = 131.4, both p < 2e −16 ) and with permutation tests (n = 10,000, p < 1e −5 ) ( Fig 5A ).

As expected, the BM[2,1] index had a positive and highly significant effect on the DON (Table 6 : slope = 0.245, SE = 0.018, P < 2e−16).

The ANOVA test revealed that the prediction of fresh weight by the finalized model was highly significant ( p < 2e-16).

This was found to be a highly significant over-representation by goseq (Bonferroni adjusted p -value < 2 × 10 –16 , see Figure 2A and Supplementary Data File 2 ).

There was significant evidence of genome-wide selection for stripe rust resistance over the 11 years in the population, as demonstrated by a negative G ^ value ( G ^ = − 0.26) and a highly significant ( p = 2 × 10 –16 ) difference between the observed G ^ and the null distribution of 1000 permuted G ^ perm values (Fig. 3 A).

The effect of mammalian molecular evolutionary rate was highly significant ( p < 2 × 10 −16 , Table 1 ).

Effects of genotypes on pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination of maize Aflatoxin contamination was highly significant among maize genotypes (p < 2e-16) ( Table 15 ), with A2207–4 having the lowest level (1.33 μg/kg) and YANGA-5–2 the highest (7.65 μg/kg), as shown in Table 16 .

The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results (Supplementary Data 1 –Table B 3 ) showed a highly significant effect of landmarks on measurement variance ( p -value < 2 × 10 −16 ); however, no significant effect of the operator ( p -value = 1.00) or the interaction between landmark and operator was observed ( p -value = 0.968).

This leads to a highly significant coefficient ( β ˆ = 4.68 ; p<2e-16).

Immune gene expression differs by tissue The overall effect of tissue (gut versus whole body) on gene expression was highly significant (MANOVA, F 1,89 = 31.34, p < 2 × 10 −16 ).

We observed a highly significant difference from the expected equal distribution (χ2 = 83.143, df = 3, p < 2 × 10−16).

There was a highly significant difference between the sensitivity groups ( p < 2e−16) but not between P. cactorum isolates ( p = 0.2046; Table S6 ).

To determine the significance of the results, we fit three one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) models comparing ssGSEA scores of CD4, CD8, and macrophage cell type markers, which were all highly significant ( p = 2 × 10 − 16 , p = 6.28 × 10 − 15 and p = 2 × 10 − 16 , respectively).

Vials of APSA stored on ice in the fridge for up to 22 months and then sampled at a dilution factor of 1/250,000 (DF 250,000) prior to assay showed extreme sample to sample variation in enzyme activity and a trend to lower OD values over time with a highly significant effect of the storage time on the detection limit (ANOVA p ≤ 2E-16, Regression p < 0.043) ( Fig. 2 A).

As predicted, αsyn-O treatment generated an increase in the number of editing sites in all cultures (15.8% in astrocyte-only, 26.2% in neuron-only, and 11.1% in astro-neuronal cultures), which was highly significant (chi-squared P value < 2 × 10 −16 for increased exonic proportion in all cases).

3 ), with a highly significant genotype effect ( p -value < 2 × 10 −16 ).

There was a highly significant difference in the distribution of heterozygous and AS-SNPs in these cells ( P < 2 × 10 −16 ), suggesting that most functional gene-regulatory elements are unique to a cell type and that only a small fraction is shared between two or more cell types.

Similarly, aphid counts and damage scores also showed a highly significant difference ( p -value = 2 × 10 −16 and 3.59 × 10 −14 ) ( Figure 6 C).