“highly significant”

We observed a highly significant increase in MZ twin discordance for CpGs within VMRs versus non-VMR CpGs (p<10 −300 ) ( Fig 5B ).

As expected, we found that overall caQTLs were strongly enriched for local eQTLs (TSS <10 kb from the caQTL); restricting the analysis to caQTLs with no effect on interactions reduced the magnitude of this enrichment, but it was still highly significant in both cases ( Figure 4C left; Fisher’s exact p<10 −300 for each enrichment), suggesting that changes in long-range interactions are not necessary for caQTLs to affect transcription of nearby genes. caQTLs were also enriched for distal eQTLs (p<10 −70 ), but this enrichment was entirely lost when restricting the analysis to caQTLs with no change in long-range interactions ( Figure 4C right; p=0.20).

As expected, there were highly significant correlations (all p < 1 × 10 − 300 ) between air pollution markers and the Townsend index ( NO 2 : 0.496; NO x : 0.436; PM 10 : 0.219; PM 2.5 : 0.448; PM 2.5 absorbance : 0.406; and PM coarse : 0.111).

A Monte Carlo analysis on the narrow peak overlap showed this was highly significant, detecting only 6.16% overlap with a set of random peaks (100 iterations, p-value < 1 e −300 , see Materials and methods).

Analysis of the sequenced reads using the peak recognition algorithm of Model-based Analysis of ChIP-Seq (MACS) [35] gave a highly significant overlap of 11,369 peaks from three profiles ( P <1E-300) ( Figure 1A ).

The chi-square test value was highly significant with a p -value <1.0e−300.

For example, in the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) dataset [ 13 ], the odds ratio ( OR ) of MS for individuals possessing one or more of these alleles is highly significant–for HLA-DRB1 * 15 : 01 ( OR = 3 . 24; p<<10 − 300 ); for HLA-DRB1 * 03 : 01 ( OR = 1 . 27; p<10 − 11 ); and for HLA-A*02 : 01 ( OR = 0 . 69; p<10 − 53 ).

All of these degrees of overlap are statistically highly significant ( p -value <1 × 10 –300 ).

These analyses indicated a similarly weak but highly significant correlation ( r 2 ≈ 0.2, p -value < 10 −300 ) across all strains and temperatures, suggesting that short-term heat stress does not significantly alter the correlation between absolute transcript and protein levels.

Unsupervised analysis identified 2 subgroups (c8.1 and c8.2, Fig.3a ) defined by a gene list which demonstrated highly significant overlap with that defining the prognostic subgroups in both AAV and SLE (hypergeometric p<1×10 −300 ).

Association analysis of normalized methylation data (beta-values) from 391,885 CpGs revealed 11,010 sex-methylation associations (SMAs) ( p < 1.26E−07) with some of them being highly significant ( p < 1E−300).

The 6-bp difference from in vivo and nonlinked experiments is highly significant ( p <10 −300 , WMW test) and shows a major role for chaperones [48] in positioning H2A.Z nucleosomes, which is confirmed by the in vitro reconstitutions in the presence of ACF1 and Nap1 [2] .

We found a highly significant correlation ( r = 0.802 , P < 10 − 300 , Spearman correlation test; Supplementary Figure 1a) between the true and estimated loss rates.

Results Phenome-wide analyses were conducted across the whole UK Biobank cohort (n=502 490), which recapitulated a highly significant association between trigger finger and carpal tunnel syndrome (p<1 × 10 −300 [odds ratio (OR) 11·97], 95% CI 11·1–13·0; figure 1B ).

These two approaches yielded a highly significant overlap (p<1e–300) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) resulting in the unbiased clustering of sorted and unsorted Dux -expressing cells ( Supplementary Fig. 3e , Supplementary Tables 9, 10 ).

TM content and topology in viral and microbial proteins The distributions of membrane proteins by the number of TM segments in representative sets of prokaryotic and viral genomes show striking, highly significant differences ( p -value < 1e-300 by Chi-Squared test and <2e-16 by Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test) whereas the archaeal and bacterial distributions are indistinguishable (Fig. 3 ).

This resulted in highly significant two-sided p -values in all cases (always p < 1E-300).

While due to its relative simplicity only a weak positive correlation was expected for the Zhang model, for reasons unclear, a highly significant ( p < 10 −293 ) negative correlation is observed ( Fig 5 , left).

The rejection of unimodality was supported by a highly significant dip test 21 (dip = 0.086275, p < 10 –293 ) using the Python “diptest” package available at https://pypi.org/project/diptest/ .

(2018) , which also tested for ASE in crosses between PAXB and RABS in the VTP, we found a highly significant overlap (Fisher's exact test, P = 8.83 × 10 −292 ).

The overlap between the 67 genes with those 1008 is highly significant ( p = 1 − 290 , hypergeometric test), suggesting that our 126 genes are particularly enriched in DE genes.

We compared the overlap of MPeM interactome with the MPM interactome [ 29 ], revealing 989 shared genes, a highly significant overlap ( P -value = 3.18E−289, odds ratio = 2.92).

As expected, these DEGs clustered samples by karyotype, but also featured highly significant overlap and concordance in direction ( Fig. 4 A ), including 936 concordant DEGs out of 1,283 common to all three comparisons (73% concordant, sign test P = 8.2 × 10 −285 ).

This intersection is highly significant (p value = 9,38E −283 ), indicating that H2A.Z isoforms regulate overlapping sets of genes.

In agreement with the elevated transcription in the HEID, genome wide, RAD50 showed a strongly positive (cor = 0.565) and highly significant ( P = 2.4 × 10 −281 ) correlation with transcriptional strength.