“highly significant”

The degree of compartmental conservation is highly significant ( P < 2.2e-16), as ~80% of the genome shows consistent compartmental labeling in at least 16 samples and ~40% is invariant in all 21 samples, in contrast to 7% and 0% to be expected by chance, respectively (Supplementary information, Fig.

Using an extended unfiltered set of open regions as background for Fisher’s exact test, both overlaps were found to be highly significant ( p value < 2.2e−16), with a slightly higher odds ratio for the modified protocol (13.15 vs. 10.75).

Those CpG sites mapping to Alu sequences showed a highly significant trend of increasing methylation from the older to younger elements ( P <2.2x10 -16 , ANOVA), with mean methylation levels (b ± standard deviation [SD]) of 0.72±0.21 for Alu J, 0.74±0.18 for Alu S, and 0.78±0.17 for Alu Y.

Notably, 67% of annotated cancer genes are associated with S100A8/A9 target genes, in comparison to only 55% of noncancer genes, which is highly significant ( P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ; Fisher’s exact test) with contributions from ONG ( P = 2 × 10 −8 ), TSG ( P = 2 × 10 −14 ), and OncoTSG enrichment ( P = 6 × 10 −6 ).

Subsequently, they report “a highly significant correlation (ρ = 0.15, P < 2.2 × 10 −16 )” and conclude that this signals gene flow.

1c ), which exhibited highly significant hypomethylation ( P < 2.2e-16; Fig. 1d ).

A one-way ANOVA confirmed that the differences among residue classes are highly significant ( F (3, 14,983) = 682.6, p < 2.2 × 10 –16 ), supporting the hypothesis that CDR loops correspond to weakly coupled, energetically uncoupled regions when compared to the structural core of nanobodies.

Similarly, the differences in length and Alu count of the downstream intron between the predominant A5BS circRNAs and the other A5BS circRNAs were highly significant ( P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ; Figure 4E , F ) while they were much less or not significant for the upstream flanking introns of A3BS circRNAs ( Supplementary Figure S5C, D ).

The concordance in pathway deregulation was maintained at the gene level, as we observed a highly significant correlation ( P value < 2.2 × 10 −16 ) between the global change in gene expression in the two mutants compared to the WT ( Fig. 3b ).

The difference in heteroplasmy between sexes was highly significant (129/0 males and 570/32 females,Chi-Square test, p- value < 2.2 × 10 −16 ) and corroborates results from a previous study 24 .

When examining 92 age‐associated metabolites, the correlation between the age beta coefficient was highly significant ( r = 0.79, p = 2.2e‐16; Figure S2B ), suggesting the reliability of our method. 91 of them changed with age in the same direction, among which 27 were statistically significant.

In addition, CREB1 is the top upstream regulator of the 465 overlapping differentially expressed genes (see previous texts) and there is a highly significant, negative correlation ( r = − 0.91, p value = 2.2E−16) between the fold changes for these genes—including the 58 direct CREB1 target genes—in the two comparisons (Supplementary Fig. 3 ).

There exist only small differences in their declared residence area (zip code), but they are older (median age 35 against 24), more likely men (men proportion 62.9% against 49.9%) and live within the Lyon-Villeurbanne urban area (85.3% against 81.7%, all theses differences are highly significant, p-value <2.2*10 −16 ).

The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of nucleotide diversity by gene between species was positive and highly significant for both diversity measures ( π : ρ = 0.36, P value < 2.2e-16; θ W : ρ = 0.38, P value < 2.2e-16) for a subset of 6,798 genes with these statistics available in both species ( supplementary fig.

A modest, but highly significant, increase in circRNA size was also observed, again consistent with the ESC retinal model ( Fig. 8 C, P <2.2E-16, Jonckheere-Terpstra test).

This revealed a highly significant agreement of the number of events between paired replicates (Supplementary Fig. 2b , Pearson's correlation 0.997, n = 30, two-sided, p value < 2.2e−16), indicating that uvCLAP events capture the amount of pulled down RNA exceptionally well.

This difference was highly significant ( P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ).

This overlap is highly significant ( P < 2.2e-16), indicating that H3K4me3 levels at a core set of genes provide a fingerprint of overall health in both mothers and children at 1 y of age.

The correlation between predicted and measured scores was highly significant ( Figure 3C , Pearson’s r = 0.35, p < 2.2×10 −16 ) and reduced substantially when a randomized version of the ontology was used ( r = 0.04); the maximum achievable correlation, as previously determined by experimental genetic interaction replicates ( Baryshnikova et al., 2010 ), was r = 0.67.

Altogether, these results suggest that moonlighting proteins are prone to be involved in human diseases as it is pointed by it respective ODD ratios; 16.47 (CI 95% 10.95–25.44) in the OMIM analysis being highly significant (Fisher’s exact test value; p < 2.2e-16) (See S6 Table).

Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction revealed highly significant changes for old versus young cortex and hippocampus circRNA TPM values ( P < 2.2 E-16) ( Fig. 2d ).

Conversely, a robust positive correlation was observed between PKMYT1 expression and TMB, with a correlation coefficient of R=0.4 and a highly significant P value ( Figure 5C , P<2.2e−16).

With this larger and more diverse dataset, the excess similarity of orthologs is also highly significant for the Molecular Function ontologies (all orthologs vs. all paralogs, t-test, p <2.2 10 −16 ), as for the Biological Process ( Fig. 3 ).

We also confirmed highly significant correlations of the patterns of transcriptomic changes (FC of each gene) between cells with homozygous and heterozygous variants ( Figure S18 , p < 2.2 × 10 −16 for both chr7:g.26200781C>T and chr22:g.19179942C>T lines).

Highly significant p -values for both directions (lesser and greater, p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ) were recorded.