“an increasing trend”

Conversely, the level of AP showed an increasing trend from sample B to sample MO, suggesting enhanced phosphorus availability when both plants coexist.

Understory α-diversity showed an increasing trend followed by a decline.

Based on the measured data, it was observed that under ambient UV-B radiation, the treated plants showed an increasing trend in transpiration rates after treatment was performed ( Figure 4 a) when compared to untreated plants (2.86 ± 1.04 to 4.05 ± 0.48 mmol m −2 s −1 for treated plants, from 2.48 ± 0.82 to 3.33 ± 0.51 mmol m −2 s −1 for untreated plants).

Dry Matter Accumulation Leaf dry matter accumulation showed an increasing trend with time ( Figure 1 ).

However, when the concentration of NaCl increased from 0.15 mol/L to 0.60 mol/L, the dissolution rates of TRCs 2:1 showed an increasing trend.

SOD and HYP in the brain tissue of the model (UV) group exhibit a decreasing trend, while MDA content demonstrates an increasing trend ( Table 1 ).

In contrast, boreal forests have generally shown an increasing trend in resilience, possibly benefiting from warming and CO 2 fertilization.

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) A longitudinal analysis of TSH revealed an increasing trend over time in both the Control Group and Intervention Group.

While shingles in adults has continued to increase as chickenpox cases in children have decreased dramatically with the introduction of the varicella vaccine, the incidence of shingles has shown an increasing trend since the 1950s, long before the vaccine was introduced [ 109 ].

From the results of the behavioural study conducted on the carrageenan induction model group of rat paws, there was an increasing trend of RGS scores that reached the highest score at the fourth to eighth hour.

The highest immune responses were observed in children and adolescents in terms of ≥2-fold increase rates for most serotypes, and the lowest were in the elderly, while GMCs showed an increasing trend with age, suggesting the pre-existing antibody levels and the immune function may influence the immune response.

aureus isolates was 1130 for eight years and showed an increasing trend from 2014 to 2021.

As the crank angle increases, the short-circuit currents of the TENG units with different combinations of triboelectric materials exhibit an increasing trend.

Currently, manufacturing large composite parts requires massive or even supermassive autoclaves to ensure internal part quality, with an increasing trend in autoclave size.

In both SF-STG1 and SF-STG2 groups, after the first 10 weeks of immunization, the level of specific GnRH antibody in serum began to decrease, and the testosterone concentration began to show an increasing trend.

Figure 7 a demonstrates that as the humidity increases, both the average contact resistance and accumulated arc energy show an increasing trend, reaching their maximum values at 90% RH.

Lebanon showed an increasing trend in government expenditure, from USD 3 million in 2012 to USD 6 million in 2021.

Positive values of the EAPC and its 95% CI indicate an increasing trend in ASRs, while negative values and their corresponding confidence intervals suggest a decreasing trend.

In Italy, the national surveillance system recorded an increasing trend in recent years, with an incidence of IPD reaching 3.02 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2023 overall, and 7.45 per 100,000 in the population aged ≥65 years [ 3 ].

A lower limit of the 95% CI of the EAPC that exceeds 0 indicates an increasing trend within the studied interval.

Notably, age-standardized YLDs have shown an increasing trend in non-high SDI regions, indicating a growing burden of disability ( Figures 1E,F ).

From 1990 to 2021, an increasing trend in ASMR was observed in 50 countries, while 36 countries showed an increasing trend in ASDR ( Supplementary Tables S1 , S2 ).

An increasing trend of asthma incidence by birth year has already been described in this study [ 52 ] and is now also found for AR.

Overall, women have higher BRI than men, with an increasing trend over time.

According to the WHO, the older population is experiencing an increasing trend towards depression [ 3 ].