“an increasing trend”

The incidence rate of type 2 DM has shown an increasing trend over time, ranking fifth among males and third among females in the top ten diseases [ 5 ].

Although SPI and HSP intake exhibited an increasing trend in IL-4 compared to the model group, neither significantly increased IL-4 levels.

Plasma chemerin levels were observed to be significantly increased in patients with severe persistent asthma compared to healthy controls, with an increasing trend in levels seen in less severe forms [ 33 ].

Interestingly, although antioxidant enzyme GSH-Px exhibited an increasing trend with higher niacinamide supplementation, MDA levels were significantly elevated in the NAM230 group, suggesting that oxidative stress was not fully mitigated.

A significant increase in biomass production was observed ( p < 0.05), with an increasing trend associated with increasing NP concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 μg/mL.

In contrast, under the photoperiod of 18 and 24 h d −1 , SOD activity exhibited an increasing trend with rising light intensity.

L-LDH showed an increasing trend ( Figure 3 i).

In contrast, IL-10 levels ( Figure 7 d) did not show an increasing trend with the number of immunizations.

In addition, when the ammonium sulfate saturation degree continues to increase, the precipitation of protein content also gradually increases, between 40 and 80%; the ammonium sulfate precipitation of protein content shows an increasing trend [ 28 ].

In our study, the mRNA expression of Pgc-1α exhibited an increasing trend in skeletal muscle of GB-treated mice compared to the HFD control ( Figure 6 A) and was also markedly upregulated in the palmitate-induced C2C12 myotubes following GB treatment.

The corona current demonstrates an increasing trend as the operating voltage exceeds the corona onset voltage under various experimental conditions, as depicted in Figure 4 .

In our study, no statistically significant changes in biofilm-forming capacity were observed, but an increasing trend was observed for both nisin alone and for their mixtures with tetracycline.

Peaking two timing measurements, we captured an increasing trend between days 1 and 4 of hospitalization for NLR cut-off values, from 5.06 to 6.40 for intubation, and from 4.82 to 6.41 for death.

Methodology Figure 1 presents the number of investigations published over the last decade for cellulose extraction from nut shells according to the Scopus and SciFinder databases (2013–2024), showing an increasing trend, mainly from 2019 onwards.

The simulated and observed ADM and N upt both showed an increasing trend with the increase in straw return amount.

It can be observed that as the PAM dosage increased from 0.4 mg/L to 0.8 mg/L, the turbidity of the effluent showed a decreasing trend, reaching a minimum of 1.18 NTU, and the removal rate also showed an increasing trend.

Specifically, the signal detection probability decreases significantly, while the carrier tracking error and demodulation bit error rate exhibit an increasing trend.

It can also be noted that relative to each CMGPOL, the O–H peak has an increasing trend.

The factor exhibits a decreasing trend and then an increasing trend with respect to compression test temperature.

As shown in Figure 7 a, accuracy exhibited an increasing trend with the number of averaged trials for all classifiers, reaching an average accuracy of approximately 0.90 at 15-trial averaging for LDA, SVM, and LogReg.

This study revealed that both ‘Xinli No.7’ and ‘Korla Fragrant Pear’ exhibited an increasing trend in MDA content, a phenomenon that may be closely associated with the progressive decrease in SOD activity observed in both cultivars throughout the entire floral bud developmental stage.

The average values of underground dry weight and chlorophyll content were greater than 1, indicating that two traits showed an increasing trend under drought stress.

From Figure 9 a,c,e, it can be seen that the range of the envelope curves for the LC-Li and LC-Puck failure criteria show a decreasing trend with increasing Y C , while the range of the envelope curves for the LC-Guo failure criterion shows an increasing trend.

In the initial Hookean region ( Figure 6 D), although not reaching statistical significance, Young’s modulus values show an increasing trend from untreated hair (5.97 ± 0.61 GPa) to casein + TA-coated hair (7.35 ± 1.67 GPa) and photo-crosslinked casein + TA + RFP + BL-treated hair (7.76 ± 0.54 GPa).

It is difficult to establish temporal trends of PCB concentrations in the study area because there are very few previous data available for the chinstrap penguin, and even fewer if we consider the geographical area studied in the present study, i.e., Deception Island, although an increasing trend of PCB concentrations in the eggs of the chinstrap penguin from the nearby King George Island from 1993 to 2005 (from 830 to 37,300 pg·g −1 w.w.) has been described [ 72 ].