“a significant trend”

A review of 30 studies 14 reported a significant trend towards lower empathy scores among medical students across their medical training years, although the most reliable effect that emerged was that female students have higher empathy levels than male students.

Another study in northwestern Spain showed a significant trend towards an increase in the temperature-related bioclimatic indices [ 58 ].

Furthermore, a significant trend was observed in head circumference when PON1 activity was considered alone, without level of TCPy, with adjusted means of 33.5, 33.9, and 34.1 cm for tertiles 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

A higher self-reported economic status was associated with an increased prevalence of care delays and a decreased prevalence of reduction in ED access, with a significant trend.

Discussion This study shows a significant trend towards more consultations and more testing related to HIV in the Dutch general practice over a 22-year period, as well as a trend towards consulting and testing by populations less at risk for HIV.

Therefore, leveraging digital technologies to enhance total factor productivity in manufacturing enterprises has become a significant trend for future development.

There was no gender difference in the effect of vitamin B6 and B12 intake on lung function, and there was a significant trend toward improvement in all relevant indicators with increasing intake.

These efforts to develop active, adaptive, and potentially more user-friendly insoles or footwear clearly indicate a significant trend in research and development aimed at improving prevention strategies.

To examine whether a significant trend exists in reaction time as a function of SOA in each of visual-first and auditory-first choices, we applied a linear regression analysis using reaction time as dependent variable and SOA as independent variable.

The clusters were prognostic, with a significant trend for reduced survival across the clusters ( Fig. 5D ), which remained significant by Cox proportional hazards ( Fig. 5E ).

Most PJPs (95%) show diffuse interstitial infiltration with nonzonal predominance and PJP showed a significant trend toward more severe disease [ 57 ].

Again, there is a significant trend in the English sample towards greater permissiveness in abusive online behaviour compared with the Spanish sample.

A significant trend of a cognitive decline with increasing malnutrition degrees was observed in females (adjusted P for trend < 0.001) but not in males (adjusted P for trend = 0.289).

As shown in Table 1 , there was no significant advantage of high cohesion, V = 0.084, F (3, 83) = 2.53, p = 0.063, η 2 p = 0.084, but there was a significant trend in local inferences questions for those who learned with a highly cohesive text ( M = 1.36, SD = 0.91) compared to those who learned with low cohesive text ( M = 1.02, SD = 0.75), F (1, 85) = 6.29, p = 0.014, η 2 p = 0.069.

While our findings regarding non-MBIs show a significant trend in reducing PTSD symptoms, the limited number of studies—particularly the presence of only a single MBI study for this outcome—precludes definitive conclusions.

Increasing child age was significantly associated with increasing total SDQ internalising score and a significant trend to increased adjusted BMI.

If Z = 0, TVDI does not exhibit a significant trend.

To evaluate the presence of a significant trend, a Mann–Kendall test was performed for each variable.

Keywords Driving habit Takeover Joystick-controlled autonomous vehicles Low-speed condition pmc-status-qastatus 0 pmc-status-live yes pmc-status-embargo no pmc-status-released yes pmc-prop-open-access yes pmc-prop-olf no pmc-prop-manuscript no pmc-prop-legally-suppressed no pmc-prop-has-pdf yes pmc-prop-has-supplement yes pmc-prop-pdf-only no pmc-prop-suppress-copyright no pmc-prop-is-real-version no pmc-prop-is-scanned-article no pmc-prop-preprint no pmc-prop-in-epmc yes pmc-license-ref CC BY-NC-ND 1 Introduction Autonomous driving is becoming a significant trend in transportation.

A higher exposure to Anopheles bites was associated with a significant trend toward lower IgG, IgG1 and IgG3 responses specific to Pf MSP1.

We observed a significant trend in decreasing values of RVFWLS with increasing age category ( p for trend 0.008).

A similar gender gap has persisted for the STEMM workforce (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Medicine) recording a preponderance of males in these disciplines at a global level with a significant trend for male domination in senior employment and concomitant bibliometric record [ 29 , 30 ].

Mesenchymal stem cells were cultured on the ppAAm coated HSQ arrays for 7 days, although under these conditions, the cells did not show a significant trend in morphology with HSQ pad stiffness.

-prop-preprint no pmc-prop-in-epmc yes pmc-license-ref CC BY-NC-ND issue-copyright-statement © BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025 Background With advancements in medical technology and the ongoing specialization within medical disciplines, creating and nurturing nurses has emerged as a significant trend in the evolution of nursing practice [ 1 ].

Furthermore, there was a significant trend of decreasing risk for sICH as serum sodium concentrations increased across the four quartiles ( P for trend = 0.036).