Trend interpretation was based on the following criteria: a positive trend was identified when either the AAPC or APC with a 95% confidence interval (CI) exceeded zero, while a negative trend was indicated when these values fell below zero.
Finally, the results of an expression analysis in primary osteoblasts showed a negative trend between Z-scores and mRNA levels of TWIST1, IL6R, DLX3 and PPARG .
2014 ; Shepard and Chandler-Laney 2015 ), there was a negative trend across slowness in eating (the item “my baby feeds slowly”) responses with infant BMIZ, WAZ, and skinfold thickness at 12 and 24m in unadjusted models; caregivers who reported that their babies never ate slowly had higher values for growth and adiposity.
Higher levels of behavioral inhibition were also related to increased likelihood of belonging to Profile 5 (OR = 1.30; 95%CI = 1.04-1.56), and showed a negative trend association, so a reduced likelihood of belonging in Profile 6 (OR = .87; 95%CI = .73-1.00).
Alternatively, we would expect a negative trend with late adoption predicting larger gains as low-uptake states catch up to early adopters.
Proposition 4 states that “affective responses during strenuous exercise unify into a negative trend as the intensity of exercise approaches each individual’s functional limits” (p. 222) [ 36 ].
When evaluating scores, the DLQI exhibits a negative trend where lower scores indicate an improvement in QoL.
However, a negative trend was observed between the levels of AhR agonistic activity and the presence of cardiomyopathy ( Figure 6B ).
The proportion of fixed assets investment also has a non-linear effect, in the form of a convex curve; however, it shows a negative trend with respect to economic development, and the curve is relatively flat.
A negative trend was observed between NEC risk and HM proportion in the unadjusted analysis when comparing to the NHM group with an OR = 1.257 (95% CI: 0.565–2.799) for the LHM group with an OR = 0.599 (95% CI: 0.261–1.377) and the HHM group ( p = 0.317).
Although the subscale correlations with BMI were insignificant, they still exhibited a negative trend.
Results showed that fluoride adsorption onto Al-Fe complex surface-modified granular ceramic was pH-dependent and the maximum removals of fluoride were obtained at pH in range between 5.0 and 8.0 while further increases of pH showed a negative trend.
The slope parameter for boundary separation showed a negative trend; this means that the decrease in boundary separation, that is, the use of more liberal decision criteria, is close to universal in our data.
It is noteworthy that a low chance of warming (positive trend) implies a high chance of a negative trend i.e. cooling.
This suggests that there exists a critical point in leaf development where growth switches from a positive to a negative trend.
Between 2007 and 2018, the largest growth in annual pharmaceutical expenditure belonged to South Korea, with Greece showing a negative trend in this area [ 11 , 23 ].
Kollicoat ® IR (X 2 ) displayed a negative trend in both linear and quadratic terms, although these effects were not statistically significant.
The results showed a negative trend for growth parameters and protein digestibility when levels of bacterial protein increased above 25%.
Although we observed a negative trend between the DASH diet and FBG levels, this relationship was not statistically significant.
However, from the aspect of evolution tendency, the positive trend of UDZC tends to appear when the AMO shows a positive trend and the IPO shows a negative trend (Supplementary Fig. 18b ).
The striatal regions of the putamen and caudate undergo bilateral shrinkage with age and their volumes display a negative trend with age ( Gunning-Dixon et al., 1998 ; Raz et al., 2003 ; Koikkalainen et al., 2007 ).
After 31 August 2020, most replicates (nine or more) exhibited a negative trend for all countries, indicating a decrease in transmission chain size over time.
With the exception of the HA (H1N1) (r = 0.27, p < 4e-08) and NA (H3N2) genes (r = 0.48, p < 2e-16), the correlation coefficients between human and viral codon usage showed a negative trend with the year of virus isolation (Figure 4A ).
In brief, the analysis shows a negative trend in the pre-2000 period due to the high halogen loading in the stratosphere 7 , 36 , 37 .
A slower increase of extreme temperatures compared to the mean leads to a negative trend of the forced signal in EuSHW intensity after detrending daily maximum temperatures.