“a decreasing trend”

However, the total cost from the societal perspective exhibited a decreasing trend, meaning that the initial increase in costs due to the treatment may be followed by cost savings over the long term.

INVA8001 attenuated the expression of Fcer1a and Mcpt1 in the liver samples from Mdr2 −/− mice; however, the expression of Tpsb2 showed a decreasing trend (not statistically significant) ( Figure 3B ).

The hand grip strength showed a decreasing trend with age in men.

If the lower limit of the 95% CI for EAPC was positive, its corresponding age-standardised rate or number had an increasing trend; conversely, if the upper limit of the 95% CI for EAPC was negative, its corresponding age-standardised rate or number had a decreasing trend.

A decreasing trend in changes before and after each intervention was observed following the first and third interventions, although these changes did not reach statistical significance.

Moreover, the long-term trend from 1990 to 2021 shows a decreasing trend in all countries/regions (Table 5 ; Fig. 8 ).

Tumor habitat clustering, feature extraction, and selection Optimal number of clusters Clustering performance was evaluated for 2–10 clusters using the Calinski–Harabasz index, which showed an initial increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend, with the peak value observed at 3 clusters.

Neurotoxic potency of water extracts followed a decreasing trend from WW to EFF, then SW, and finally DW and BW.

A decreasing trend was observed over subsequent cycles, and only 37% of the participants had severe platysma prominence on both sides before treatment cycle 4 (Table 2 ).

The number of hematopoietic stem cells in the IST group significantly increased ( P < 0.05), while the apoptosis rate of BMCs showed a decreasing trend but no significant difference.

Moreover, we observed a decreasing trend in the level of miR-133b-3p across the 3 stages. miR-133b-3p can impact estrogen synthesis by targeting foxl2 in mice ( Dai et al. 2013 ), and it is involved in early oogenesis in tilapia via the modulation of tagln2 ( Ma et al. 2021 ).

A decreasing trend was observed in clusters 1, 5, 7, and 8 across the lifespan, from infant to old age.

In contrast, during the initial reaction stage, the Pt‐CO species exhibited a decreasing trend under the ramping conditions, and an increasing trend under the constant‐temperature conditions (Figure 9 ).

Overall, SLCCT showed a decreasing trend with increasing myopia severity, particularly at the subfoveal and nasal locations.

At the 6-month postoperative mark, patients’ depression scores showed a decreasing trend over time, indicating a gradual alleviation of depressive symptoms.

Moxifloxacin exhibited a decreasing trend in susceptibility (100% at baseline to 80% at 1 mg/mL), although this did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.052).

Of note, this atypical memory B-cell subset demonstrated a decreasing trend, representing 4.5% of the total B-cell compartment at the last follow-up.

Enriched genera such as Bifidobacterium , Lactobacillus , and Clostridium may directly produce indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-aldehyde, or related metabolites, whereas Bacteroides , one of the major taxa associated with tryptophanase activity, showed a decreasing trend ( Wang et al., 2019 ).

In the Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study, the incidence of non-ocular CMV disease before and after January 1997 (pre-ART and ART eras) declined from 1.4 per 100 child-years to 0.1 per 100 child-years, with CMV retinitis rates declining from 0.7 to 0.0 per 100 child-years; with a decreasing trend in opportunistic infections that continued in the next decade after introduction of ART [ 60 , 61 ].

Similarly, FASN protein expression demonstrates a decreasing trend during productive BoAHV-1 infection in both MDBK and Neuro-2A cells.

The influence of salinity on calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) precipitation at different NaCl concentrations (0, 1, 2.5, and 5%) indicates a decreasing trend in CaCO 3 formation with increasing salt content ( Figure 3 ).

This cytosolic accumulation was not accompanied by a corresponding protein increase in the membrane fraction; instead, a decreasing trend in membrane-associated GLUT4 content was noted in the sTGF-β1n model ( Figure 3D ).

The recall-confidence curve shown in Figure 3c exhibited a decreasing trend.

Similarly, ELISA results indicated a decreasing trend in the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐6 following EV treatment, but no significant differences were observed among the EV groups (Figure 6G,H ).

Inference time, particularly for the best-performing models in each generation, demonstrates a decreasing trend throughout the optimization process (Fig. 4 c).