“a decreasing trend”

Although the direction of change in total bile acid (TBA) levels varies across studies, most evidence tends to support a decreasing trend, which may result from impaired hepatic synthesis capacity, intestinal reabsorption defects, or systemic inflammation-induced suppression of bile acid transporters [ 30 ].

In contrast, Pseudomonadota and Actinomycetota displayed a decreasing trend in abundance along the spatial gradient ( Figure S3 ).

Phenylethyl alcohol is a rose- and honey-scented aromatic alcohol derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway, exhibiting a decreasing trend with increasing packing density ( Figure 2 E).

Only when the SiO 2 layer is absent does the junction temperature exhibit a decreasing trend with higher Cu content.

However, these procedures are highly invasive, involving substantial disruption to bone, musculotendinous structures, and the joint capsule, and their utilization has shown a decreasing trend based on a Japanese nationwide database study [ 13 ].

Increasing PBS concentration correlated with a decreasing trend, and the rate reached 0.8% after 24 h, indicating that almost all individuals had ceased swimming.

The 2100 WSC figure was low for OPs, contributing to a decreasing trend, and OP mortality reached an unsustainable level of 72% in PNG.

With the increase in GGBS fraction, the compressive strengths of CLSM at all ages exhibited a decreasing trend, which was generally consistent with the fact that the early reaction rate is relatively low and strength development is limited under the low-cement condition with GGBS.

With increasing aging time, both groups showed a decreasing trend, but with different characteristics.

For YLDs, from 1990 to 2021, the overall disease burden in the global, low SDI, low-middle SDI and high SDI regions increased, and only showed a decreasing trend in middle SDI and high-middle SDI regions ( Supplementary Table 2 ; Figure 2B ).

Belowground plant biomass showed a decreasing trend as grazing intensity increased, and compared to the CK treatment, the HG treatment significantly reduced belowground biomass by 53.50% ( p < 0.05) ( Figure 2 , top right).

Both the theoretical and experimental results exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing nozzle length, indicating that the modified model can describe the weakening effect of nozzle length on outlet swelling.

A positive AAPC indicates an increasing trend, whereas a negative AAPC indicates a decreasing trend.

The electron current exhibits a decreasing trend as DMAC-DPS increases, which can be attributed to the lower electron transport property of DMAC-DPS.

Both the particle size and PDI of the reconstituted formulation showed a decreasing trend with increasing trehalose concentration, indicating that a higher amount of trehalose enhances its lyoprotective effect and effectively maintains the stability of the lipid bilayer structure ( Table S2 ).

In Zone III (100–150 mm), overall, as soil depth increases, the silt content showed a trend of first decreasing and then fluctuating; the very fine sand content showed a decreasing trend but remained relatively stable; the fine sand content fluctuates, exhibiting different patterns across different plantation ages and depths; the content of medium and coarse sand fluctuated significantly; the decrease in gravel content within Zone III plantations was relatively small, indicating that saxaul plantations in the moderate-precipitation zone cause minimal surface disturbance.

After BSP60 intervention, the Shannon index in the L-BSP60 group was significantly higher than that in the MC group ( p < 0.05), while the Simpson index displayed a decreasing trend.

In terms of appearance quality, the chalky grain percentage and chalkiness degree showed a decreasing trend.

Compared with the CON group, dietary DHM supplementation altered the relative abundance of dominant phyla, with a decreasing trend in Bacillota and an increasing trend in Bacteroidota, resulting in a lower Bacillota/Bacteroidota ratio.

Group 2 displayed a decreasing trend at certain time points, while Groups 3 and 4 tended to maintain relatively higher counts.

3 Results 3.1 Relative water content and relative conductivity in leaves The relative water content of all treated leaves showed a decreasing trend ( Figure 2 ).

Panicle length displayed a decreasing trend with increasing deficit severity at the jointing–booting stage.

A distinct pattern is observed in Kenya, where both caloric availability and protein density show a decreasing trend, accompanied by a strong and statistically significant correlation (τ = 0.800, p = 0.014), suggesting a structurally consistent but negative trajectory ( Figure 3 ).

For zinc intake, a decreasing trend in the odds of DepS was observed with increasing intake, reaching the lowest point near the median intake level, followed by a possible non-linear fluctuation at higher intake levels ( p for non-linearity <0.001).

The four fractions exhibited a decreasing trend in content levels: EAF (31.40%) > HOF (20.90%) > HXF (14.43%) > BUF (7.96%). 3.3.