“a decreasing trend”

The results showed a decreasing trend of VDR expression following exposure to PM 2.5 , and exposure to PM 2.5 with vitamin D further reduced the expression of VDR, with a statistical difference in levels between the control and PM 2.5 with vitamin D groups ( p < 0.05) ( Figure 5 A).

Conversely, for beef fat, a decreasing trend in G′ and G′′ values during heating was observed, which is consistent with its melting, as already reported by other authors [ 53 , 54 ,].

The effect of fermentation on pasting properties of rice It was monitored that the viscosity evolution of rice flour suspension accompanied with the forwarding of its gelatinization process, the viscosity of the paste was initially increasing, in which the maximum value was defined as the peak viscosity (PV), subsequently, it showed a decreasing trend at first and then ascended, of which the turning point was in accordance with the trough viscosity (TV) and the last viscosity of the test was defined as the final viscosity (FV), as shown in Fig. 1 .

Results Static functional connectivity analysis found that compared to HC, the FC between FES salient network and default network, auditory network decreased or showed a decreasing trend (PSN-DMN=0.038, PSN-AN=0.066).

Additionally, the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, an indicator of proteinuria severity, showed a decreasing trend in rebamipide-treated mice compared to vehicle-treated mice ( Figure 3 C).

For HR+ cases (Panel A), age-related features, such as age at menarche and age at first birth, showed a decreasing trend in predictive importance as values increase, suggesting that younger ages at these reproductive milestones contribute more to model predictions.

Glucose and fructose generated by hydrolysis briefly accumulates in the early stage of senescence and then shows a decreasing trend [ 9 ].

In other words, all the simulated temperature curves exhibit a decreasing trend in peak temperatures along the depth from the top surface, which yields a significant grain growth difference in various layers, leading to the formation of the inverse gradient-grained structures.

By 14 days post-exposure, expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were markedly reduced ( p < 0.001) while IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-5, and MUC5AC only showed a decreasing trend compared to 7 days post-exposure, suggesting a resolution of PM-induced inflammation and secretory responses ( Figure 4 ). 3.

Due to these abatement measures, air pollution concentrations have shown a decreasing trend, including the mortality rate associated with it [ 2 , 9 ].

In our previous study [ 14 ], we found that an aromatherapy footbath containing the essential oils of clary sage and lavender significantly increased salivary oxytocin level in term pregnant women, whereas a plain footbath not containing any essential oils showed a decreasing trend in the salivary oxytocin levels.

Bitterness in the fruits of species from this clade shows a decreasing trend from Ichang papeda to mandarins ( Figure 3A ).

A decreasing trend in the δ value with an increase in temperature can be observed.

In this study, we found that soil microbial community diversity presented a decreasing trend under increased precipitation conditions in 2016, which is in line with previous studies [ 11 , 49 ].

In our study, the highest estimated PLR cut-off value was seen in day 1 for intubation (262.2) with a decreasing trend afterwards (day 4: 217.3).

In the case of freshwater sediments, the distribution of MPs has been shown to exhibit a decreasing trend from nearshore to deep sea.

By the end of 2024, the COVID-19 pandemic remained a worldwide concern, although the European Region showed a decreasing trend of the current circulation of SARS-CoV-2 [ 17 ].

The surface tension of all prepared liposomes altered during 60 days, showing a decreasing trend.

It can be observed that as the PAM dosage increased from 0.4 mg/L to 0.8 mg/L, the turbidity of the effluent showed a decreasing trend, reaching a minimum of 1.18 NTU, and the removal rate also showed an increasing trend.

As shown in Figure 8 b, as the CNT content increases, the current change initially increases and reaches its highest value at 0.01% CNT content, which is 2.89 × 10 −6 A, then the current change shows a decreasing trend.

The factor exhibits a decreasing trend and then an increasing trend with respect to compression test temperature.

During the development of flower buds, the activities of SOD and POD in ‘Xinli No.7’ and ‘Korla Fragrant Pear’ showed a decreasing trend.

Regarding the flexural properties, a decreasing trend could be noticed in both the flexural strength and modulus.

The SOD of drought-resistant materials showed a significant increase trend with the prolongation of drought treatment time, while the SOD of drought-sensitive materials showed a decreasing trend with the prolongation of drought treatment time ( Figure 3 ). 2.2.2.

From Figure 9 a,c,e, it can be seen that the range of the envelope curves for the LC-Li and LC-Puck failure criteria show a decreasing trend with increasing Y C , while the range of the envelope curves for the LC-Guo failure criterion shows an increasing trend.