Excerpts

This is a highly significant (p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ) excess (see Materials and Methods), suggesting some concordance in signal at the individual gene level.

Results Descriptive statistics Samples differed in average symptom endorsement: Patients in Data Set 4 had the most severe symptomatology, followed by Data Set 1, Data Set 2, and Data Set 3 (see Table 1 ). Except for the comparison of Data Set 1 with Data Set 2, t (840.15) = 1.62, p = .11, Bayes factor = 0.26, 3 all other differences between the severity scores were highly significant ( t values between 8.51 and 29.29, degrees of freedom between 518.03 and 1417.3, all p values < 2.2 × 10 −16 , all Bayes factors > 4.7 × 10 13 ).

The mean values of the non-invasively measured community-wide parameters obtained by DWCP seem to give a valid representation of the actual plant community as indicated by the highly significant positive relationship between the weighted plant biomass removed from sods and the digital biomass extracted from scans (quadratic polynomial regression, p < 2.2e-16, adjusted R 2 = 0.59, see Additional Figure 3 ), supporting results from scans of plant individuals ( Laxman et al., 2018 ).

Despite major differences in experimental design, including the developmental stage of the worms, the overlap with the single-cell cis eQTLs was highly significant, with 335 cis eQTLs shared between the studies (OR = 7.2, p < 2.2×10 −16 , Fisher’s exact test) ( Figure 3C ).

The correlation between predicted and measured scores was highly significant ( Figure 3C , Pearson’s r = 0.35, p < 2.2×10 −16 ) and reduced substantially when a randomized version of the ontology was used ( r = 0.04); the maximum achievable correlation, as previously determined by experimental genetic interaction replicates ( Baryshnikova et al., 2010 ), was r = 0.67.

In the study, two ecologically competitive Functional Groups of golden pompanos were also found, with relative abundance showing a highly significant negative correlation ( R = -0.78, P = 2.2e-16) (Fig. 5 A).

Strikingly, PFC Aliceblue and NAc Cadetblue 2 showed a highly significant overlap in their gene content, with 72 overlapping genes ( S2 Table ; p = 2.2 x 10 −16 ).

The traits are much more correlated in both twin groups than in twin-spouse pairs or unrelated individuals (all comparisons were highly significant, p < 2.2e16).

All regressions were highly significant ( p < 2.2 × 10−16).

Thus, because there are three possible replacement nucleotides per site, WC sites are ∼66% saturated and nWC sites are ∼90% saturated, and this difference is highly significant ( p <2.20×10 −16 , Binomial test; see Materials and Methods for details).

A focused analysis of the TCGA-STAD cohort confirmed a highly significant and robust positive correlation between SOX9 and TRAIP mRNA levels (Fig. 2 B, right panel, R = 0.427, p < 2.2e-16).

There exist only small differences in their declared residence area (zip code), but they are older (median age 35 against 24), more likely men (men proportion 62.9% against 49.9%) and live within the Lyon-Villeurbanne urban area (85.3% against 81.7%, all theses differences are highly significant, p-value <2.2*10 −16 ).

Comparison between the ratings of the general public and veterinarian responses was highly significant (LR = 330.31; df = 6; p < 2.2e -16 ) with veterinarians rating dog breeds as less sensitive overall than the ratings from the general public.

Similarly, the differences in length and Alu count of the downstream intron between the predominant A5BS circRNAs and the other A5BS circRNAs were highly significant ( P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ; Figure 4E , F ) while they were much less or not significant for the upstream flanking introns of A3BS circRNAs ( Supplementary Figure S5C, D ).

When restricted to people of M/F gender and whose gender was identically recorded in both databases, forename mismatches occurred in 2.37% of females (1727/72,948) and 2.16% of males (1153/53,474), a small but significant difference ( χ 2 1 = 6.0909, p = 0.01359), while surname mismatches occurred in 6.78% of females (4947/72,958) and 2.22% of males (1185/53,484), a highly significant difference ( χ 2 1 = 1392.7, p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ).

A chi-squared test revealed a highly significant difference in the distribution of genes across score ranges among the three categories (χ2 = 519.5, df = 18, p < 2.2 × 10−16), indicating that gene distributions differed substantially between them.

The difference between the nuclear area of cells from infected and uninfected plants was highly significant (based on the Brown–Mood median test, p = 2.2e-16), and the nuclear area of cells from P. brassicae -infected plants was 2.8 times bigger based on the median size.

When examining 92 age‐associated metabolites, the correlation between the age beta coefficient was highly significant ( r = 0.79, p = 2.2e‐16; Figure S2B ), suggesting the reliability of our method. 91 of them changed with age in the same direction, among which 27 were statistically significant.

This difference was highly significant ( P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ).

This difference was highly significant (Mann-Whitney test: U = 2.2×10 7 , P <2.2×10 −16 ).

Our results indicated that 48.1% ( n = 11,422, P < 0.05) of the examined drift-CpGs exhibited a nominally significant difference (OR = 5.0, Fisher's test, P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ) between these two time points.

We found that both up- and downregulated genes showed highly significant enrichment for association signals ( Z = 9.41, P < 2.2 × 10 −16 for genes downregulated by SUMO-1 depletion and Z = 3.43, P = 4.19 × 10 −4 for genes upregulated by SUMO-1 depletion; Figure 5 D).

The excess of GC to AT substitutions is highly significant, indicating non-equilibrium ( p < 2.2 × 1 0 − 16 ).

As with sequence similarity, whereas there is a significant trend for proteins that are among the top 0.5% of co-expressing pairs to share related ligands, (χ 2 = 1.3e3, p < 2.2e-16), pragmatically the effect size is marginal and only 9.3% of the top 15% of co-expressed pairs show any SEA interactions at all ( Fig 1B ).

Since this group represents 13% of the upstream regions in the genome, this is a highly significant enrichment ( Fig. 6c , Fisher's exact test, P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ).