Excerpts

Those CpG sites mapping to Alu sequences showed a highly significant trend of increasing methylation from the older to younger elements ( P <2.2x10 -16 , ANOVA), with mean methylation levels (b ± standard deviation [SD]) of 0.72±0.21 for Alu J, 0.74±0.18 for Alu S, and 0.78±0.17 for Alu Y.

Notably, 67% of annotated cancer genes are associated with S100A8/A9 target genes, in comparison to only 55% of noncancer genes, which is highly significant ( P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ; Fisher’s exact test) with contributions from ONG ( P = 2 × 10 −8 ), TSG ( P = 2 × 10 −14 ), and OncoTSG enrichment ( P = 6 × 10 −6 ).

239.3 cm) compared to Sb, and in both cases differences resulted highly significant ( p = 2.2×10 −16 and p = 2.7×10 −15 for MAT and PH, respectively).

Indeed, pit-diggers performed ~ 15x more CNN-predicted scoops versus spits within daily bower ROIs and this pattern was highly significant within each subject (CV: 273 scoops vs. 20 spits, χ 2 = 311.35, p < 2.2 × 10 –16 ; TI subject 1: 339 scoops vs. 16 spits, χ 2 = 127.2, p < 2.2 × 10 –16 ; TI subject 2: 602 scoops vs. 60 spits, χ 2 = 377.28, p < 2.2 × 10 –16 ).

Using an Analysis of variance, we found highly significant differences ( p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ) and a non-parametric Wilcoxon Mann–Whitney test confirmed the significant differences of absolute Spearman correlation in healthy versus diseased samples ( p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ).

Importantly, the global shift observed with RRP41 knockdown was statistically highly significant ( P < 2.2E−16, Jonckheere trend test) and was not observed with the U2-type introns located immediately up- or downstream of the U12-type introns (Figure 3F ) or in the group of all the U2-type introns in the same genes.

The Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test confirmed that these differences were highly significant ( p -value < 2.2 × 10 −16 ). 3.3.

The results of the statistical linear regression between RSSI and the logarithm of the node-gateway distance (logD) are robust and highly significant (R2 = 0.808, p -value < 2.2 × 10 −16 , residual standard error = 10.68 dBm).

Correlation between tests was highly significant for both tissue types, but stronger for leaf tissue (p <2.2 × 10 −16 ; r = 0.83) than cotyledons (p <2.2 × 10 −16 ; r = 0.72).

DNMT1-Dependent DNA Methylation in Adult Interneurons Affects Degradative Pathways In stark contrast to the comparison of the 18 months old genotypes, we determined a highly significant overlap ( P = 2.2E-16, Fisher’s Exact test for gene set enrichment analysis; odds ratio = 0.434) of 645 genes between young control and Dnmt1 knockout interneurons, which display significant differences in both DNA methylation and gene expression ( Pensold et al., 2020 ).

The ability of DEcode to predict global DE prior ranks was highly significant (P < 2.2e-16) and practically relevant (Spearman's rho = 0.53) ( Extended Data Figure 3a ).

Comparison using a paired t-test for R s from the predictive model and their corresponding permutated variant indicated a highly significant difference between both model types ( p -value < 2.2 × 10 −16 across cases), indicating that these model predictions are extremely unlikely to be due to chance.

We found that the correlation values were highly significant between them all ( Figure 1 , Pearson correlation coefficients of at least 0.95, p -value < 2.2 × 10 −16 ).

This difference in the proportion of homologous genes between preferentially sporophyte expressed and all expressed genes was highly significant in both species according to a chi-squared test ( P. patens : χ 2 df = 1 = 206.16, p < 2.2 × 10 –16 ; F. hygrometrica : χ 2 df = 1 = 384.73, p < 2.2 × 10 –16 ).

Additionally, we found 1753 highly significant H2A.Z peaks that were dependent on nrp1-1 nrp2-2 ( p -value < 2.2e-16) (Fig. 3c ).

The two-factor Anova analyses using genomic distance types (intra- vs inter-zone configuration) and geographic zones as explicative variables of genomic distance were highly significant (p < 2.2 x 10 −16 ) for all comparisons, except for the general distances distribution between continental and islands species (2 Zones– Fig 3 ; 4 Zones– S3 Fig ; 6 Zones– S4 Fig ).

The observed overlap was highly significant ( P value < 2.2 × 10 −16 ), indicating strong concordance between the 2 datasets.

Multivariate linear regression analysis detected a highly significant association between blood-based DNAm-age acceleration and ALS age of onset (adjusted p value = 2.2E-16, B = − 1.29, R 2 = 0.33, n = 249) (Supplementary methods, Fig. 1 a), suggesting that for every 5-year increase in DNAm-age acceleration there is a 6.4-year earlier onset.

The overlap is very highly significant (Fisher’s Exact Test: Odds Ratio: 9.38; p-value < 2.2e-16).

Of the 1,070 autosomal DEGs, 975 were also assigned to these modules, which was an extremely significant enrichment (Fisher’s exact test P value <2.2E-16, SI Appendix , Table S2 ).

Comparison between the ratings of the general public and veterinarian responses was highly significant (LR = 330.31; df = 6; p < 2.2e -16 ) with veterinarians rating dog breeds as less sensitive overall than the ratings from the general public.

We calculated an odds ratio for this value using a Fisher's exact test and found this association to be highly significant (odds ratio=3.02; P <2.2×10 −16 ).

Overall, we observed a modest but highly significant correlation of predictions with both these regulatory prediction scores reported by DeepSEA (multi-tissue: r = 0.227, p<2.2e-16; PanIslets: r = 0.223, p<2.2e-16) ( Figure 3—figure supplement 1 - AB ).

A focused analysis of the TCGA-STAD cohort confirmed a highly significant and robust positive correlation between SOX9 and TRAIP mRNA levels (Fig. 2 B, right panel, R = 0.427, p < 2.2e-16).

The concordance in pathway deregulation was maintained at the gene level, as we observed a highly significant correlation ( P value < 2.2 × 10 −16 ) between the global change in gene expression in the two mutants compared to the WT ( Fig. 3b ).