Excerpts

We repeated linear regression analyses for the top significant CpGs in RUNX1 (cg12477880) and FLI1 (cg17239923), genes that are known regulators of hematopoiesis, adjusting for deconvoluted blood cell proportions instead of ReFACTor components (see “Methods”), and the associations with DS remained highly significant (both P < 2.0 × 10 −16 ).

The Shetland Sheepdog ranked second in all models, and both Collies and Shetland Sheepdogs were highly significant according to the logistic regression model ( p < 2 × 10 −16 ).

The inherited expanded CAG repeat length and the age at sampling were shown to have a highly significant association with the ratio of somatic CAG expansions of the disease-associated allele observed in blood DNA (p < 2 × 10 −16 ).

The Fligner–Killeen test of homogeneity of variances is also highly significant ( p < 2 × 10 −16 ) between ht-UtLM6 and CR-LM6.

The effect of mammalian molecular evolutionary rate was highly significant ( p < 2 × 10 −16 , Table 1 ).

There was a highly significant effect of time for both sides ( p < 2e-16).

The enrichment of TEs at species-specific binding sites were highly significant both with a chi-square test (Hs χ 2 = 142.8, Mm χ 2 = 131.4, both p < 2e −16 ) and with permutation tests (n = 10,000, p < 1e −5 ) ( Fig 5A ).

Our results also showed that nemolizumab significantly normalized the transcriptional profiles of PN lesional skin, especially in differentiated keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and follicle cells, with highly significant changes ( P < 2 × 10 −16 ).

The ANOVA test revealed that the prediction of fresh weight by the finalized model was highly significant ( p < 2e-16).

This was found to be a highly significant over-representation by goseq (Bonferroni adjusted p -value < 2 × 10 –16 , see Figure 2A and Supplementary Data File 2 ).

We obtained a highly significant interaction effect between hosts and isolates nested within each population for virulence (degrees of freedom = 1,540, F = 2.11, p < 2e −16 ) and reproduction (degrees of freedom = 1,540, F = 2.68, p < 2e −16 ).

Again, rs708727 was found to be a highly significant ( p < 2e−16) covariant of all probes, while rs960603 is not.

One interesting example is glycan 5402, which had a small positive correlation (PPMCC 0.28) with A1AT’s serum concentration when present at site A1AT site 70 ( P = 0.006) but had a strong highly significant negative correlation (PPMCC -0.81) with the serum concentration of A1AT when present at A1AT site 271 ( P < 2E−16) (Fig. 2 F).

Cross-treatment comparison of the within-participant changes revealed a highly significant reduction in absolute Framingham risk favoring torcetrapib plus atorvastatin over atorvastatin alone (−1.5%; P =2e−16).

Overall, a log-rank test comparing survival across selection regimes revealed highly significant differences in lifespan (χ2 = 274, df = 3, p < 2e–16).

The association between miR-100 and EMT markers was further validated in human tumors: from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer data [17] , we observed a moderate but significant inverse correlation between miR-100 and E-cadherin expression levels ( Rs = −0.1, P = 0.006, Figure 1F ) and a highly significant positive correlation between miR-100 and vimentin expression levels ( Rs = 0.43, P <2×10 −16 , Figure 1G ). miR-100 suppresses tumor growth and is downregulated in human breast cancer We performed TCGA data analysis to determine the expression levels of miR-100 and miR-22 in human breast cancer.

The first GLM, which included all values, returned a highly significant relationship between time spent in male germline and the observed substitution rates ( P < 2e-16; odd ratio 1.16, 95% CI: 1.1622–1.1626).

We found a highly significant relationship between NPAS4 affinity scores and NPAS4 ChIP-seq peak intensity (mouse and rat P < 2 × 10 −16 , Supplementary Fig.

There was a highly significant difference in the distribution of heterozygous and AS-SNPs in these cells ( P < 2 × 10 −16 ), suggesting that most functional gene-regulatory elements are unique to a cell type and that only a small fraction is shared between two or more cell types.

The variation in ancestry seen in the admixture maps of Figure 1 also result in highly significant correlations of the three ancestries with altitude of birthplace (p-values <2×10 −16 for the three ancestries): African and European ancestry decreases with altitude (r of −0.24 and −0.39, respectively), while Native American ancestry increases (r = 0.48).

Thus, although the number of substitutions in a partition is a highly significant ( P < 2e-16) predictor of passing or failing any of the tests, that it explains only about a quarter of the variation suggests that other factors, such as underlying differences in the extent to which partitions violate the SRH assumptions, are driving the remaining ∼75% of the variation.

The intercept had an estimated coefficient of 0.8443, which is highly significant (p < 2e-16), indicating a strong positive relationship between the dependent variable and the constant term.

Result After controlling for baseline age, sex, education, APOE ε4 dosage, and self‐reported race, IFI44L genotype strongly associated with clinical trajectories in clinically normal (CN) individuals and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the ADNI cohort, with the rs273259 alternate (G) allele displaying a highly significant, dose‐dependent relationship with worse clinical trajectories (for CDR‐SB, in CN, p < 2 x 10 ‐16 ; in MCI, p = 1.1 x 10 ‐6 ; Figure 1A‐B).

The above nearly significant interaction, when comparing the 50 vs. 100% treatments, is marginal in comparison to the differences in density across weeks ( z = −16.916, p < 2e-16).

It behaved as a complete outlier, reducing the amount of DLK1 ~ 3-fold when compared to the average of the two negative controls, and this effect was highly significant (p = 2 × 10 -16 ) (Figure 1 B and see Additional file 2 : Table S2).