Excerpts

While no association with AER was seen in the patients reaching the current recommended treatment target of an HbA 1c ≤ 7.0% (N = 304, β [95% CI] = −0.017 [−0.137–0.101], p = 0.78), the association was highly significant ( p = 1.7 × 10 −9 ) in the patients with an HbA 1c > 7.0% (N = 2560, β [95% CI] = 0.17 [0.117–0.230]).

As expected given the mesodermal origin of microglial cells 40 , we found highly significant associations between microglial cell-specific genes with the top 25% values of dN/dS and immune system-related GOs (χ 2 = 36.048, p = 1.92 × 10 –9 ), in agreement with previous reports of enrichment of immune system-related genes in microglial cells 41 .

The 95% confidence ellipse analyses revealed highly significant differences in AT skew distributions between PCG, D-loop, and rRNA ( p = 2.06 × 10 −9 ; Fig. 2 D), confirming that nucleotide asymmetry is region-dependent.

Recently, a meta-analysis of existing genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and two new GWASs of over 12,496 cases and 18,190 controls of European ancestry produced highly significant evidence of a strong association between the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4252707 (G/A) and non-glioblastoma glioma ( p -value = 3.34 × 10 −9 , OR = 1.19) 18 .

This overlap was highly significant by the hypergeometric test, confirming that ZEB1 -correlated genes are likely to be regulated by ZEB1 transcriptional activity (1.5-fold enrichment, p = 4.20 × 10 −09 ).

On the other hand, the average sleep intensity in the dark period between flies fed with the different diets showed clearly observable and highly significant differences (p < 4.76 E-09 ) ( Figure 2B and 3A ), suggesting that sugar-only diet resulted in an increase in rest intensity at “night”.

This large region also includes the highly significant tag SNP (ALGA0079529, p -value = 6.53 × 10 −09 ) that is within the STOX1 gene.

The overall model was highly significant ( p = 8.18E-09), indicating significant factor effects on the number of axial buds growing from the rootstock.

Strain energy as an empirical benchmark for CoA-induced arterial stiffening In the proximal aorta, there was a highly significant main effect of group (ANOVA p = 8.3 × 10−9), with post-hoc comparisons showing that all Prolonged CoA groups exhibited markedly elevated strain energy relative to controls (Fig. 1 ).

Both skewness and CV successfully detected microtubule bundling during PPB formation, with the skewness and CV values for differences between the images with and without bundling being highly significant, but more so for CV (Mann–Whitney U-test, P = 8.947e−09 for skewness and P = 6.202e−14 for CV; Fig. 3 B, C, Supplemental Fig. 5 B).

The univariate ANCOVA model applied (equation 2 ) revealed very highly significant differences between (1) the culinary oils investigated ( p < 10 −8 , with the exception of cis -2-alkenals for which p = 4.85 × 10 −3 ), and (2) sampling time-points ( p < 10 −8 ) for all aldehydes monitored.

We show this to be a highly significant ( p < 10 –8 ) result with a large effect size.

Most regions demonstrated significant heritability contributions to KC, particularly chr8:79,756,170–81,340,231, which exhibited highly significant h2 across KC, AD, AC, and AA (all P < 1 × 10−8).

SRI had highly significant negative linear (Pearson) correlations with standard deviations of sleep onset time (r = −0.66, p < 10 −8 ), wake time (r = −0.62, p < 10 −7 ), and mid-sleep time (r = −0.62, p < 10 −7 ).

This test also shows that the difference between AI and human text is highly significant (− log 10 (p)≈8, p ≈ 3.69 × 10−9), and it is due to AI text often having less variety in its vocabulary.

Of these, 19 were expressed in platelets, and String analysis showed a highly significant PPI enrichment ( p = 1.08e- 08).

This raises the question whether the observed alteration in mib1 ta52b mutant neural tube proportions may be a secondary consequence of this reduction in cell number? Our observations argue against this hypothesis: First, the injection of NICD promotes a partial but clearly significant (p = 1.14E-08) restoration of neural tube proportions (Fig. 8p,q ) while triggering only a minor and non-significant (p = 0.129) increase in neural tube cell number (Supplementary Fig.

A separate Kruskal-Wallis test for geographical regions also indicated a highly significant effect ( H = 36.56, p = 1.141E-08), with Dunn-corrected comparisons confirming that both the Silesian Upland and the South Greater Poland Lowland differed significantly from the Silesian Lowlands ( p < 0.001), whereas their mutual contrast remained non-significant.

Compared to the dfmr1 mutants, the Trhn overexpression results in a highly significant elevation of serotonin in the MB ( UH1 -Gal4 driven Trhn overexpression; p = 1.477 × 10 –8 ), with a similar elevation from the other drivers (Fig. 2 D, right).

Gene-based analysis supported the involvement of TRAF2 , MAP2K4 , and MAP3K5 as mediating complications risk and a highly significant trend was identified between the number of risk genotypes and complications risk (P = 1.63 × 10 −8 ).

For menstrual fever (QOL impact), we observed a nominally significant association signal at chr6:154.33–154.46 Mb (top SNP: rs17181171; P = 1.98 × 10 −8 ) that overlaps over half of the 5′-end of the opioid receptor mu 1 ( OPRM1 ) gene (Fig. 5a ) and contains 65 high LD SNPs (Supplementary Worksheet S6).

After excluding the outlier, the assumptions were met, and a much stronger and highly significant correlation was observed ( R = 0.91, p = 2 × 10−8).

Protein-coding regions displayed 11.29-fold enrichment, 5’ UTR regions achieved 8.00-fold enrichment, while extended intronic regions showed 1.32-fold enrichment at extremely significant levels ( P = 2.92 × 10 –8 ), suggesting that these regions may participate in complex genetic mechanisms through regulation of gene expression or function.

The multiple comparison of normal mucosa versus CRC tumour tissue versus CRC cell lines resulted in highly significant p-values for all four ratios of circRNA/linRNA (circ0817/CUL5: p = 3.7e-08; circ3204/USP3: p = 6.4e-10; circ6229/METTL3: p = 2.2e-09; circ7374/TNS4: p = 1.7e-05).

When excluding the patients with structural heart disease from the analysis, a highly significant association for AGXT2 rs16899974 was observed with any AF (P = 3.9 × 10 −8 ), and with paroxysmal AF (P = 3.0 × 10 −5 ) and chronic AF (P = 7.0 × 10 −4 ) separately.