Excerpts

The result is highly significant for worse overall performance of the 7XU plans (p = 2e-12).

We found 11 other associations, 8 in DLPFC and 3 in hippocampus, all borderline significant except CENPM (p = 2.4e-12) and EFTUD1P1 (p = 2.8e-05) for eQTL, and the “GNL3 , SNORD19 , SNORD69 , SNORD19B” region (7e-04) for aeQTL.

Finally, a highly significant decrease in H 2 O 2 release was observed in Down Syndrome (DS) individuals (p<2.88×10−12).

Furthermore, individuals possessing at least one copy of the minor T allele of the IL6R SNP rs4537545 expressed higher levels of sIL6R than those homozygous for the major C allele (averages 42.84 ng/mL and 29.36 ng/mL, respectively, data not shown), and this difference was highly significant ( p = 2.98×10 −12 ).

In the combined sample, after adjusting for country of sampling, this sex difference is highly significant: males are on average more lightly pigmented than females by 1.57 M index units (95% CI = 1.14–2.01, p = 4×10 −12 ).

This 3.8 fold difference was highly significant (t-test, p = 4 X10 -12 ).

The highly significant effect of relationship quality on MIPPE scores (p = 4.4e-12) demonstrates the scale’s discriminant capacity.

Furthermore, the number of independent nominally significant loci at Stage 2 (N = 60, (13.5%)) was significantly greater than expected by chance (p = 4.6×10 −12 ).

These showed clear group separation in Principal Component Analysis (PCA) (and OPLS-DA, with a highly significant model (R2X(cum) = 0.629, Q2(cum) = 0.648, p = 5.5 × 10 -12 ), achieving 91% prediction accuracy and 100% specificity and an AUC value of 0.964.

Of note, the SNP rs4810479 ( PLTP ) generated a P value of 1.51×10 −4 for HDL-C among European Americans and was highly significant among women ( P = 7.11×10 −12 ) but not men ( P = 0.12).

Permutation testing reveals that skewing in the 19p region is highly significant (p<10 −11 ).

Moreover, enrichment of ChIP-Seq peak counts at both motifs was highly significant (Wilcoxon rank-sum: p<1×10 −11 ).

Functional enrichment analysis of this set of 46 genes using FatiGO ( http://babelomics.bioinfo.cipf.es ) revealed a highly significant enrichment (Fisher exact test, two-tailed, p = 2.24 e-11 ) for genes annotated with gene ontology (GO) term GO:0006952 (defense response), with 39.1% (18/46) of the upregulated genes associated with this term, compared to 2.61% in the whole Arabidopsis genome.

The correlation of effect size estimates of these SNPs between our study and the original report (Stage 1+2) was highly significant although not perfect (Pearson ρ = 0.472, P = 2.32×10 −11 ).

However, Chromosome 15 showed a highly significant, ∼41% reduction in sequence variation relative to the rest of the genome (ANOVA: F = 45.668, d.f. = 1, p = 2.34×10 −11 ; Fig. 3A ).

In the absence of LD pruning the KS p-value was diminished after adjusting for PRS, but still highly significant (KS p-value = 2.5 × 10 −11 versus 2.2 × 10 −14 , Fig 4 ).

A highly significant difference was observed for CAI ( p < 3.7 × 10 −11 ), indicating substantial host-associated variation in codon adaptation.

After adjusting for LYZ expression, the trans association observed with rs317657 were reduced, but remained highly significant, p = 3.88×10 −11 , p = 1.15×10 −7 , p = 2.52×10 −6 , p = 1.65×10 −10 , p = 7.16×10 −29 , p = 2.44×10 −5 , p = 8.23×10 −28 , p = 1.81×10 −13 , p = 5.66×10 −10 for CNTN6 , CTRC , COPZ2 , KRT9 , LRRFIP1 , NOD1 , PCDHA6 , ST5 and TRAF3IP2 , respectively.

In the meta-analysis, one SNP, rs3987 at 4q26, reached GWAS significant p-value (p = 4.02×10 −8 ), and one SNP pair, rs1100508 CG and rs8111948 AA, showed a trend for two-locus association (p = 4.35×10 −11 ).

The likelihood ratio test between the maximum likelihood three-epoch and two-epoch models was highly significant ( p = 4.52×10 −11 ), showing that at least three periods of different population sizes must be considered to describe the data.

The Kruskal-Wallis H test revealed a highly significant difference (p = 4.611e-11) ( S2 Fig ).

Analysis of the ITGAM coding variant rs1143679 showed highly significant association to DLE in patients without signs of systemic disease ( P -value = 4.73×10 −11 , OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 2.23–4.57).

Confirmatory genotyping in the 2nd stage By genotyping of these associated SNPs using a custom BeadChip (Illumina) in a different sample population of 1,671 individuals from the Yamagata cohort, we successfully confirmed all these associations at highly significant levels ranging from p = 6.58×10 −11 (rs500498) to 1.33×10 −21 (rs8176746) for P-LIP and from 2.96×10 −10 (rs2073824) to 8.34×10 −39 (rs495828) for ACE in 9q32, and also from 1.13×10 −29 (rs4461142) to 5.21×10 −107 (rs4362) for ACE in 17q23.2, as listed in Tables 1 and 2 .

First, there was a very highly significant correlation (r = .99, p = 6.8e-11) between the progression of recognition scores for words and consonants as a function of SNR (respectively Figure 2 and Figure 5 ), whereas the correlation between the progression of recognition scores for words and vowels was lower (r = .94, p = 3.8e-6), but still high.

A Fisher's exact test revealed that the observed degree of overlap was highly significant for both data sets; 44 genes overlapped (p = 7.4×10 −11 , odds ratio = 3.4) with the c-myc cancer gene database and 31 genes overlapped with the c-Myc ChIP list (p = 3.2×10 −7 , odds ratio = 3.0).