Excerpts

In a large meta-analysis, this SERPINA1 variant had only a nominally significant association with waist-to-hip ratio (beta = −0.03, p = 3.4 × 10 −4 )—the closest anthropometric correlate of VAT/GFAT ratio—highlighting the utility of image-derived phenotypes for this discovery 12 .

Extreme limiting dilution software analysis (ELDA) shows that the frequency of tumor-initiating cells is seven-fold higher in sh-FTO cells, with a highly significant p -value ( p = 0.00035) (Fig. 1g ).

Quantitation of patterning levels confirmed that this difference is highly significant ( p ≤ 3.7 × 10 −4 ).

The individual components of queenness, ovarian development and dominance were also significant or near-significant predictors of SVM classification individually (ovarian development: slope±SE = 0.0426 ± 0.0113, p = 4.0 × 10 −4 ; dominance: slope±SE = 0.0231 ± 0.0122, p = 0.06).

This protection was highly significant ( p = 0.0004, Fisher’s exact test); GRFT/CG FDI use resulted in a 5-fold reduction in the relative risk of infection (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-17.3).

Vgll3 -mediated effect on age-specific mortality rate A survival assay revealed reduced lifespan in vgll3 Ex1/Ex1 mutants, highly significant in males and with a more modest effect in females (log-rank: males, p = 0.0004, −15% in median lifespan; females, p = 0.044, −7% in median lifespan, Fig. 5d ).

This difference was highly significant ( P = 0.0004); the average distributions were 64% ±17 gametocytes in the BM and 8% ±9 gametocytes in the PB (Fig. 3b ).

Phenome-wide association (PheWAS) of n = 10,168 phenotypes revealed nominally significant association of p.Arg1231Cys with ischemic stroke (OR [95%CI] = 4.0 [1.9, 8.6]), p = 4.1 × 10 −4 ), all strokes combined (OR [95% CI] = 1.9 [1.1, 3.5], p = 0.031), hypertension (ICD 10 code I10) (OR [95% CI] = 1.5 [1.1, 2.2], p = 0.019), and recurrent major depression (OR [95% CI] = 3.2 [1.5, 6.8], p = 0.0031) (Supplementary Data 2 ).

This gene was recently identified as nominally significant (genome wide p = 4.2 × 10 –4 ) in a study investigating the role of recessive variants in DD 13 , although more data are required to be confident of its association to DD.

There was a highly significant difference in delta GST-Pi between these groups at all timepoints (30 days: mean for good function group 1.8 vs −37.4 poor function, n = 35, p = 0.0005; 3 months: −1.2 vs −38.4, n = 35, p = 0.0023; 12months: −4.5 vs −35.0, n = 33, p = 0.009).

An NSF activity assay based on fluorescence dequenching (see “Methods”) shows a highly significant, ~72% reduction in the rate of SNARE complex disassembly ( p = 0.0005 ; Fig. 8D ).

In contrast, this difference was markedly significant ( p > 0.0005) in H-DNA mice on the HFD compared to the CD.

Overall, we found a highly significant negative relationship between competitive success and yield in monoculture (linear regression; F 1,18 =27.117, R 2 =0.601, P <0.0005; Fig. 4b ).

However, the ratio between CTX-I and TRAP5b, which is used as an index for resorption per osteoclast 33 , revealed a highly significant decrease in resorption per osteoclast ( P = 0.0006) (Fig. 7j ).

However, when sample datasets with no hypermutated sequences were excluded there was a strong trend for hypermutated sequences to decline with increasing viral loads: p = 0.0006 and 0.06 for gag at the first and second time windows, respectively, and p = 0.005 and 0.02 for env (Supplementary Fig. 4 ).

The enrichment was highly significant and robust, and dependent on both the 33 genic and 38 intergenic insertion sites of the three species (1e-05< P <0.0006; Table 1 and Supplementary Data 3 ).

Interestingly, we observed a decreasing trend in the correlation coefficient between germline variant burden and somatic mutational burden (Jonckheere-Terpstra test, P = 0.0006; Fig. 2d ).

Overall, we observed that a total of 46 genes (56%) showed a trend of essentiality on cell proliferation, at P < 6.2 × 10 −4 , a Bonferroni-corrected significance level.

A comparison of ticks feeding on wild-type versus engineered mice revealed a highly significant difference in infection status ( p = 6.9E−4)(Fig. 3B ). 80% of engineered mice previously challenged with a large number of infected ticks were completely free of infection.

Pairwise comparisons showed a highly significant increase in similarity in PK pairs (PK: paired: M = 0.03, SD = 0.04; shuffled: M = −0.01, SD = 0.02; t (18) = 4.1, P = 0.0007, CI: [0.018–0.058], Cohen’s d = 0.94).

Although of borderline significance and hypothesis generating, after correction for the 90 TFs assayed, there was evidence for enrichment of SPI1 (alias PU.1), ( P =0.0007, P adjusted =0.063), which regulates PRDM1 and its downregulation is required for MM cell growth 19 .

When the comparison was performed within each grade, grades 1 and 2 showed highly significant positive correlations between these losses ( p = 0.00077 and p = 0.0093, respectively), while grade 3 did not show any and grade 4 showed a weak but significant correlation ( p = 0.044) (Fig. 7b and Supplementary Fig. 7 ).

In contrast, a comparison of the parabolic coefficients between the lCF size profile (Table S2 ) and FC profiles (Table S1 ) revealed a strong and highly significant difference ( F (1,11) = 21.85, p = 0.0009, d = 1.41).

Altiarchaea genomes, a highly significant negative correlation ( Pearson , cor = −0.77, p = 9 × 10 −4 ) could be observed, indicating that a greater distance led to greater dissimilarity (Supplementary Fig. 7 ).

In addition, to quantitatively estimate the difference between survival curves for control conditions and SMIFH2 treatment, the nonparametric logrank test 39 was used, which revealed the highly significant difference ( p = 0.0009).