Excerpts

In the particular case of ferroelectrics, differences between local and long-range ordering may be significant.

Abstract The development of highly stable and efficient electrocatalysts for sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is exceedingly significant for the commercialization of fuel cells but remains a challenge.

Currently, to realize further lightweight, developing monolithic components is an important trend for the application of magnesium alloy.

The one with a core-wall ratio of 1:1.25 does not show a clear trend of the strength recovery with an increase of load applied.

The one-way analysis of variance and least significant difference (LSD) post hoc tests were used to determine the level of significance; P < 0.05 was defined as significant and P < 0.01 was defined as highly significant.

Furthermore, the results showed a decreasing trend of bond strength with an increasing proportion of each BAG added.

The copper decontamination process onto both MANSG and ANSG showed a fast rate of sorption during the first hour of the sorbate-sorbent contact, and the rate of copper percent removal became almost insignificant due to the quick exhaustion of the sorption active sites.

A decreasing trend was observed in graphitic carbon for all the KOH-activated ACFs after steam reactivation, whereas an opposite trend was observed in carbon bonded to oxygen-containing functions.

For the Cu addition >6%, the hardness values showed a decreasing trend, but were still higher than the Al-Si base metal.

As shown in Table 3 , a small probability value ( p < 0.001) indicates that the model was highly significant and could be used to predict the response function accurately.

However, the chloride diffusion coefficient of UHSC showed an increasing trend when the percentage of MWCNTs was higher than 0.05 wt %.

It is evident that J str showed a decreasing trend with increasing chloride concentration.

There is a clear trend of increasing surface area with aging time for the sealed samples.

It is noted that the electrospun pullulan/PVA/rutin nanofibrous mats had greater tensile stress than that of pullulan/PVA, and the ultimate tensile strength exhibited an increasing trend as the content of rutin increased, which indicated that the addition of rutin was capable of enhancing the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous mats.

There is an obvious trend of decreasing c -axis lattice constant with increasing nominal Al concentration, which is consistent with the observation reported by Brehm et al.

In this context, micromechanical analyses have been on an increasing trend to understand the behavior of modern materials with sophisticated microstructures—e.g., fiber- or particle-reinforced composites and textile composites.

However, the butanol concentration in the extract and the total removal rate did not follow a clear trend.

As shown in Figure 5 c, the intensity of the 1710 cm −1 peak (due to C=O stretch of carboxylic group of IAM) also shows an increasing trend with the increase of the IAM molar fraction. 3.4.

Despite the scatter, a significant trend can be observed in the dependence of the rupture force of PF microcapsules on the gradation of microcapsules with particle size distribution ranges 50–200, 200–400 and 400–600 μ m.

The result demonstrates that, although the shell thickness to diameter ratio does not show an obvious linear relation and the coefficient of variation is up to 41.24%, the distribution interval of shell thickness is still found to have an increasing trend with the increase of the capsule’s diameter.

As observed in Table 3 , there is a clear trend for the precipitation of calcium-rich crystalline phases, such as diopside (MgCaSi 2 O 6 ; PCPDF 98-002-1772), wollastonite (CaSiO 3 ; PCPDF 98-002-1772) or devitrite (Na 2 Ca 3 Si 6 O 16 ; PCPDF 98-004-6279) as the content in P 2 O 5 decreases.

There was no significant effect of ALG/HAP scaffolds on COL10A1 expression, although a slight trend was noticeable.

Table 5 shows a little variation of amorphous quantities for the ASS treated with 5 wt % alkali-activated slag up to 180 days curing followed by a decreasing trend up to the end of 365 days curing, which appears to have an insignificant impact on the observed yield stresses of treated ASS ( Figure 2 a).

This increase of σ′ y may have been associated with the increased amount of cementitious reaction products as observed from an increasing trend of amorphous mineral quantities with curing.

It was observed that the TS values followed a decreasing trend and the E b values followed an increasing trend.