Excerpts

Unsurprisingly, the dog-bone flakes processed with AO after extrusion, molding, and shredding show an increasing trend for OIt.

The moisture content of the solidified clay exhibited a decreasing trend as the number of freeze–thaw cycles increased.

From Figure 4 a, it can be observed that as the alkali equivalent increases, both the slump and spread of the mixture show an increasing trend.

Young’s Modulus Young’s modulus tests were carried out only for the PP, as only in this case was a noticeably significant difference in the stiffness of the printed and extruded samples observed.

Concurrently, the VBM of Ga 2 SSe displays a decreasing trend, effectively enhancing the OER activity.

Additionally, for the 50% crosslink density system, stress shows a decreasing trend after reaching the peak value.

In general, there was a decreasing trend in bacterial survival with increasing GO@PEI-PFIL-Ag + /Ag/AgBr concentration, contact time, or both.

Experimental results demonstrated that within the aging temperature range of 480–620 °C, matrix dislocations consistently maintained non-uniform distribution characteristics, though their regional heterogeneity exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing temperature.

During the plastic deformation process, both the yield strength and tensile strength of 6061 aluminum alloy decrease with increasing strain rate, while the plastic elongation shows a decreasing trend as the strain rate increases.

The elongation (δ) generally shows an increasing trend followed by a decrease with extended solution treatment times, reaching a maximum value of 11.71 at 120 min.

From Table 2 , it can be seen that the P max value continued to increase with the increase in the sintering temperature while the E c value showed a decreasing trend.

The CH content in the LC-10, LC-20, and LC-30 samples showed an increasing trend from 3 days to 28 days but a decreasing trend from 28 days to 60 days of age.

In contrast, Cerasmart and Tetric CAD display highly significant differences, with p -values of 0.00001 and 0, respectively.

In terms of quantifying residual austenite, analyses were conducted on the austenitized specimens using XRD, as shown in Figure 13 , retained austenite (RA) volume fraction revealed a decreasing trend after cryogenic treatment, reducing from 9.53% in the CHT sample to 8.43% after 2 h of immersion (CT2/T2) and further to 6.51% after 20 h of immersion (CT20/T2).

As the mass of BG increased, the UCS and STS of S-B1 to S-B3 exhibited a decreasing trend, primarily because the crystals produced by the hydration of BG initially filled the pore spaces of solidified clay.

The results reveal a clear trend: increasing fibre content generally reduces thermal conductivity, suggesting improved thermal insulation properties.

As a result, it is difficult to present a clear trend or manufacturing process because the use of PVA in concrete is affected by various factors [ 17 , 19 ].

The ductility of the aged asphalt demonstrated an increasing trend with the addition of base asphalt, regenerant, and warm-mixed regenerant.

As shown in Figure 11 , all specimens exhibited a clear trend of PD stabilization over the loading cycles, as indicated by the curves becoming nearly parallel to the horizontal axis.

Despite these improvements, a clear trend for PW-based composite PCMs remains difficult to establish, which hinders the development of a consistent guideline for photovoltaic (PV) cooling applications.

With the PCM, temperature increases in the cold-water bath were minimized and even showed a decreasing trend, highlighting that PCMs effectively reduce heat transfer through building walls and improve indoor thermal comfort.

As the loading rate increases, the bond strength of the specimens shows an increasing trend.

As shown in Figure 6 a, the bubble density generally showed an increasing trend with increasing experimental ambient temperature, especially above 30 °C, where the upward trend became more pronounced, and the bubble density increased significantly.

Concerning the effects of Ba, Ca, and Mg, the intensity of the Ce 3+ luminescence generally exhibited an increasing trend in this type of glass.

Compared to the longitudinal modulus E 11 , the tensile strength X T and compressive strength X C of the C f /SiBCN CMC exhibit more pronounced variations as the size of defect increases, showing a decreasing trend.