Additionally, the multiple quadratic regression equation between the factors and the response value is expressed as follows: Y = 255.98 + 13.24A + 7.09B − 15.73C − 3.98AB + 4.33AC − 6.01BC − 31.59A 2 − 15.24B 2 − 29.43C 2 The results indicate that the initial medium glucose concentration, shaking speed, and culture temperature have a highly significant impact on ginsenoside Ro yield ( p ≤ 0.01), and the interaction between shaking speed and culture temperature also has a highly significant impact on ginsenoside Ro yield ( p ≤ 0.01).
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The results showed a highly significant correlation between sphingolipid metabolism and key metabolites in pyrimidine metabolism ( p < 0.01, Figure S3 ).
Similarly, TG (12:0e_8:0_14:0) revealed a highly significant positive correlation with both DG (16:0_20:3) and DG (18:0_16:00) (R = 0.999, p < 0.01).
As shown in Figure 4 C, a significant decrease of NRF2 transcript was detected in UV-exposed FBs, while an increase was found in UV/NGF-exposed FBs at 1 ng/mL NGF and 10 ng/mL NGF ( p < 0.05), highly significant at 100 ng/mL NGF ( p < 0.01).
The results of lipid measurements showed that the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) increased and that of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) decreased in the AS group, with highly significant differences with the normal group ( p < 0.01; Figure 1 B).
Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05 and highly significant at p < 0.01.
Different letters indicate significant differences ( p < 0.05) and highly significant differences ( p < 0.01).
Significance levels were determined as follows: significant (*) for p ≤ 0.05, highly significant (**) for p ≤ 0.01, and extremely significant (***) for p ≤ 0.001.
In SW480 cells, the highly significant ( p < 0.01, percentage ≥ 50%) GO terms in the biological process were “Organonitrogen compound metabolic process” (72.70%), “Gene expression” (50%) and “Catabolic process” (50%) as reported in Figure 8 A.
p -values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant and highly significant at ** p < 0.01 or *** p < 0.001.
Statistical differences were designated significant if the p -values were less than 0.05 (* p ≤ 0.05) and highly significant if the p -values were less than 0.01 (** p ≤ 0.01), less than 0.001 (*** p ≤ 0.001), or less than 0.0001 (**** p ≤ 0.0001).
Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05 and extremely significant at p < 0.01.
There were highly significant differences between Hap 1 and Hap 2/Hap 3 at p < 0.01, and there were no significant differences between Hap 2 and Hap 3 ( Figure 3 D).
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the effect of PEG concentration on the number of induced somatic embryos was highly significant ( p < 0.01).
The average body weight of HFD and SND rabbits exhibited significant divergence after 2 weeks ( p < 0.05), and this discrepancy became highly significant at 3–5 weeks ( p < 0.01).
Between-group comparisons revealed a significant increase in alpha diversity in the eggshell membrane group beginning at 1 week, with highly significant differences observed at 8 weeks (** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; Figure 7 C).
Notably, lenti-CRISPRi knockdown of Hb-α led to a robust increase in HIF-1α expression in the CA1 and CA3 regions at 7 days after GCI, which was highly significant as compared to the GCI control and GCI + CRISPRi-scramble control ( p < 0.01).
Transient overexpression of miR156x with OD600 concentrations of 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 in mulberry seedlings resulted in a highly significant increase in leaf POD activity from days 2 to 5 ( p ≤ 0.01).
The results of a Student’s t -test showed a highly significant difference ( p < 0.01) between the sorption behavior of peanut protein to PCT at a nearly neutral pH of 6.8 and pH 5.5, even though the difference in pH was only 1.3.
Differences were considered significant when * p < 0.05, and extremely significant when ** p < 0.01.
Similarly, the analysis of SOX2 gene expression in 3D cultured A549 samples, as shown in Figure 4 d, followed the same trend, with both stilbenes inducing a highly significant ( p < 0.01) reduction in expression compared to the DMSO vehicle control, with DHS showing a stronger effect than RSV.
The model showed a highly significant difference with a p -value < 0.01, indicating a robust fit and suitability for subsequent optimization analyses.
Among these, three miRNAs (cli-miR-133c-3p, gga-miR-133c-3p, and pbv-miR-133c-3p) exhibited highly significant differences ( p < 0.01).
After 14 days from starting treatment statistical significant differences in OTA content were recorded: significant ( P < 0.05) for GSE and highly significant ( P < 0.01) for GPE at the 500 and 1000 ppm level, but non-significant changes ( P > 0.1) at 2500 ppm.
Comparison of inoculation methods for Phytophthora blight resistance showed highly significant correlation ( r = 0.9150 for the root inoculation method and r = 0.8384, p < 0.01 for foliar spray method, data unpublished).