Excerpts

The expression of these genes in the RIT of ‘Royalty’ showed a slight decrease and then increased with rust development, whereas their expression levels followed an increasing trend in ‘Flame.’ The expression of McNCED, McACS , and McLOX in the NIT and CK showed a significant increase with the expansion of spots in the two cultivars.

The best-fit analysis reported in Figure 1 shows a highly significant exponential decay of Iso i with increasing g s ( Figure 1A ), because drought stress strongly enhances Iso i for g s < 200 mmol m -2 s -1 , whereas Iso i is unresponsive to higher g s .

antioxidants drought tolerance gas exchanges mesophyll conductance non-photochemical quenching photochemical efficiency stomatal conductance water use efficiency Gas Exchanges and Gene Expression Plants treated for 5 days with ANE (time 0) showed a partial stomatal closure, leading to a highly significant reduction (55%) of the stomatal conductance (g s ) ( Figure 2A ), associated with an equally strong decrease (53%) of the transpiration rate (E) ( Figure 2B ) compared to untreated plants.

A highly significant reduction in the expression of MtSOS1 occurred in the 10% PEG compared with the control treatment such that MtSOS1 transcripts were virtually undetectable, comparable to expression in leaf ( Figure 6A ).

Highly significant positive correlations were found between germination and seed protein, oleic acid, sugars, and seed coat boron and seed coat lignin.

Furthermore, although the PS condition induced expression of the three Tr-KPI genes in the leaf tissue of Huia, in the root tissue only Tr-KPI5 was induced, where a significant increase at 53% and an increasing trend at 45.2 and 30.6% ( P -value 0.08 and 0.06, respectively) was observed when compared to the NPS treatment (Supplementary Figure 1D ).

In the PS treatment, a decreasing trend was observed for Tr-ACS1 and Tr-ACO2 while Tr-ACO1 displayed a significant increase at 30.6% moisture content (Supplementary Figure 2B ).

The same trait correlations were highly significant and positive for MTS (0.335 in DC2), SL (0.761 in DC1), RSL (0.779 in DC2), and RSDW (0.795 in DC2) under Fe and Zn stress.

A highly significant QTL ( qSE11 ), which had been predicted for the NIL ( qSE11 XB ), was confirmed on the long arm of chromosome 11.

The total flavonol content showed an increasing trend for “CS,” but a declining trend for “Riesling.” It has been suggested that kaempferol-type, quercetin-type, and isorhamnetin-type flavonols are generally present in both red and white grapes, while myricetin-type flavonol and its derivatives are only accounted for in V. vinifera red grapes, which is in agreement with the present study ( Castillo-Muñoz et al., 2007 , 2010 ).

littoralis larvae fed on GLS-containing plants showed a trend in the 5th and 6th instar toward higher pre-molting weight than no GLS-fed larvae.

The top two markers, 3151996 ( in silico DArT) and 3103599_60:A > G (DArTSeq SNP) showed the highly significant association with -log 10 ( p ) score of ≥32.5, suggesting that these markers underlie the genomic region: BnMn 2+ .

For RDW, all of the effects (i.e., substrate, subspecies, and their interaction) were highly significant.

The productivity of wet meadows within partially regulated lakes showed an increasing trend to around Nov 2006, but the elevated EVI values decreased gradually to the end of the study period.

AHb1 mRNA levels showed an increasing trend with AR, and a significant increase from 0wkAR to 2wkAR by RT-qPCR analysis ( Figure 8C and Supplementary Figure 12 ).

Changes in the concentrations of soluble sugars and transitory starch Leaf soluble sugars showed a trend of decreasing from 21:00 to 03:00 h in all studied species; however, the range of nighttime variations in soluble sugars content (maximum value – minimum value) in the C 4 grasses was greater than that in the C 3 grass (Figures 4A–C ).

Conclusions For the studied C 3 and C 4 grasses, δ 13 C l showed a decreasing trend from 21:00 to 03:00 h.

Both growth chamber and field data showed a trend of decreasing hydraulic conductance and photosynthetic activity in aging soybean leaves (Locke and Ort, 2014 ), which was obviously associated with a reduced root water uptake rate.

Conversely, dominant species among the successional stages expressed significant differences in C i with an increasing trend from PF to BF (Table 2 ).

Moreover, the RD-derived genes showed a strong trend to longer average exon length and shorter coding-region lengths.

davurica were higher under monoculture than under mixtures ( p < 0.05), and showed a decreasing trend as its ratio in the mixture decreased ( Figure 2 ).

Some common highly significant correlations among components of the same chemical family were found in all groups of plant materials.

Effect of Osmotic Stress on Levels of Lipid Peroxidation The contents of MDA, H 2 O 2 , OH • and O 2 •- of both varieties presented an increasing trend with increasing exposure to osmotic stress.

The soluble protein and soluble sugar contents of both varieties showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the stress time increasing ( Figures 1A – D ).

There were highly significant correlations between ML and ER with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.81 and 0.78 in boxes covered with 5 and 7 cm of soil, respectively.