indigotica roots showed a highly significant negative correlation with the diameter of I. indigotica roots ( P <0.01). 3.11.
Excerpts
Leaf correlation analysis Highly significant positive correlations ( p < 0.01 ) were observed among the antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD, and CAT.
However, among various forms of N used, only nitrate and urea were highly significant in their effects on germination ( P < 0.01), whereas ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate were relatively less, though significant (P < 0.05, Table 1 ).
Combined ANOVA demonstrated highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) influences of both G and E on all micronutrients, whereas GEI effects were dependent on the nutrient and significant for Mn, Zn, and Se.
Combining ability and maternal effects Parentals and families had highly significant ( P ≤ 0.01) general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects, respectively, for CT, CW, yields of storage roots and vines, total biomass and dry matter content (DMC) of storage roots (Table 6 ).
Statistical analysis in Supplementary Table 6 confirms that all observed performance improvements are significant: for ResNet18 and ResNet50, both McNemar, paired t-test, and Wilcoxon tests indicate highly significant gains (p< 0.01), while VGG16 and MobileNetV2 also show consistent improvements, with most comparisons reaching p< 0.05.
Culturable microbial abundance Cropping pattern, nitrogen application rate, and their interaction exerted highly significant effects on soil microbial culturable abundance ( P < 0.01; Table 2 ).
Analysis of variance and general yield response The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed highly significant effects ( P < 0.01) of genotype (V) and nitrogen application rate (N) on grain yield and all measured yield components, with the exception of the effect of N rate on filled grain percentage, which was significant at P < 0.05 ( Table 2 ).
Yield-related traits were also highly significant ( p < 0.01), with heritability values ranging from 67.75% to 87.03%, and several hybrid combinations outperformed the commercial check for yield per plant.
In fact, we could observe a highly significant ( p < 0.01) length reduction in 7-day-old dark grown int1.1 hypocotyls on both media (Figures 2A,C,E ).
Effects on GR activity Highly significant effects ( p < 0.01, Table 1 ) of the Epichloë endophyte, Se concentration, and treatment duration were observed on GR activities in the shoots and roots of F. sinensis .
ANOVA indicated that the interaction between soil salinity and biochar application rate exhibited a highly significant impact on GWP, GHGI, and NGHGE (P< 0.01); however, this interaction did not significantly influence yield (ns).
It can be observed from the figure that there is a highly significant correlation (p<0.01) between the number of days of waterlogging and the wheat yield rate.
The significance level was set at P < 0.05, with highly significant differences defined as P < 0.01.
The correlation analysis results showed the following: (1) Among single-band features, the GREEN band exhibited a highly significant correlation with nitrogen content (p< 0.01) with an absolute correlation coefficient |r| > 0.7; the NIR band showed a significant correlation with nitrogen content (p ≤ 0.05) with |r| > 0.6; (2) Among vegetation indices, NDVI, RVI, DVI, NDWI, and CARI displayed highly significant correlations with nitrogen content (p< 0.01, |r| > 0.7); GNDVI, RDVI, MSR, and MTCI showed significant correlations with nitrogen content (p ≤ 0.05, |r| > 0.6); (3) The correlations between the remaining spectral variables and nitrogen content did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). 3.2.
All selected best two VIs showed a highly significant correlation with GSC, GPC, and GOC at the tasseling and grain-filling stages ( p < 0.01), with MERIS terrestrial chlorophyll index (MTCI) ( r = 0.69), MTCI ( r = 0.64), and NDWI ( r = 0.55) showing the best correlation with GSC, GPC, and GOC, respectively, at the tasseling stage.
As shown in Figure 3C and Supplementary Figure S1 , there is a highly significant correlation ( r = 0.86, p << 0.01 in Figure 3C ) between average cambial growth rate and tracheid radial diameter.
TN ( Figure 3A ), TOC ( Figure 3B ), and NO 3 - -N ( Figure 3C ) showed a highly significant increase with restoration time ( p < 0.01).
Branch number, plant height, leaf dimensions (width and length), and petiole characteristics (length and diameter) exhibited highly significant differences ( P < 0.01).
Growth parameters As shown in Table 4 , analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences ( P < 0.01) in the shoot dry weight and plant height of fenugreek seedlings among germplasms and under different saline–alkali stress treatments.
In the 2024–2025 season, an extremely significant negative correlation emerged between PA and SLN ( P < 0.01; Table 2 ), indicating that more prostrate growth habits were associated with reduced leaf necrosis.
The results of the two-way ANOVA demonstrated that both elevation and plant year exerted highly significant main effects ( P < 0.01) on plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of effective tillers, total tiller number, forage yield, and seed yield.
Drought and re-watering alterations in leaf gas exchange and fluorescence dynamics in ectomycorrhizal seedlings of Mongolian pine Drought stress, re-watering, and ECM inoculation had exerted highly significant impact on the photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of seedlings ( P < 0.01).
Among them, N2 and N3 treatments reached a significant ( P < 0.05) level and a highly significant ( P < 0.01) level compared with CK, respectively.
When χ 2< 3.841, the interspecific association is not significant ( p > 0.05); when 3.841 ≤ χ 2 ≤ 6.635, the association is significant (0.01< p ≤ 0.05); and when χ 2 > 6.635, the association is highly significant ( p < 0.01).