Excerpts

In GC-MS analysis, the differential metabolites mainly included organic oxygen compounds (5–23), organic acids and their derivatives (2–20), lipids and lipid-like molecules (8–10), organic heterocyclic compounds (2–7), phenylpropanoids and their derivatives (1–5), among others ( Figure 3 ), while the CK group combined with obstacle group analysis revealed that 19 metabolites were quantified ( Figure 2L ); 12 metabolites showed an increasing trend and 7 metabolites showed a decreasing trend (VIP>1, Table S3 ). 3.4 Metabolic pathways of differential abundant metabolites The above significantly altered metabolites are involved in several important metabolic pathways.

glomerata , dry matter yield, plant height, and coverage had highly significant positive correlations with each other, and highly significant negative correlations with dry/fresh ratio.

glomerata showed a trend of gradual increase with increasing fertilization gradient, except in 2019 and 2020; and peaked under the fertilization gradient of 40 t/hm 2 ( Figure 1 ).

sativa first presented an increasing trend, then decreased with increasing fertilization gradient, with a peak at 20–30 t/hm 2 fertilization gradient.

Overall, the soil moisture showed a trend of gradual increase with increasing soil depth, and the application of amendments resulted in significant increases in soil moisture content in the 0–40 cm and 40–100 cm soil layers.

Highly significant differences between environments, genotypes and GEI (Genotype x Environment Interaction) were detected by mixed ANOVAs for agro-morphological-quality traits.

Nevertheless, Si application did result in a significant trend of reversal of stress-induced changes in growth ( Figures 1 – 4 ) towards the control.

plurivora root infection, and the addition of Si) were shown to be nominally significant predictors of the total plant dry weight (DW; Table S1 ).

Correlation analysis As shown in Figure 6 , the NAG (N accumulation amount in grain), NAL (N accumulation amount in leaf), NAP (N accumulation amount in plant), LAGR (leaf area growth rate), DMAR (dry matter accumulation rate), LIR (light interception rate of population), NS(number of population spikelets), FSE (fruiting spikelets per ear), GFRE (grain filling rate per ear), and Y (yield) were all significantly (p<0.05) positively correlated with each other, indicating that there were positive (significant or markedly significant) mutual promotion interactions among each factor.

However, given the falling trend for the cost of cultivation and a slight decrease in revenue, ( Figure 1H ) the profits reflect an increasing trend ( Figure 1I ).

The cotton yields ( Figure 1E ) show a decreasing trend, although changing drastically between the years, with a somewhat steady increase in the share of the Bt cotton area ( Figure 1F ).

Heat stress environment: Under a heat stress environment, SY was highly significant and negatively correlated with CT HS (r = -0.83***), and CT GFS (r = -0.66**) ( Figure 5B ), but FLW (r = -0.11), DM (r = -0.22), and NDTV HS (r = -0.04) showed a non-significant negative correlation.

Like SOD, POX activity in susceptible genotypes also showed a decreasing trend under stress conditions, with the highest decrease of 24% recorded for PBW 550 under heat stress, while other susceptible genotypes also showed moderate to slight decreases in activity.

As mentioned above, the correlations of plot yield under control (PY_C) and drought stress conditions (PY_DS) with STI are similar and highly significant, with PY_C having the greater impact on STI ( Table 5 ).

TRL showed a trend toward higher TRL in the drought-treated plants, although the differences between 18 and 23 DAT were not significant ( Figure 9A ).

It was clear during the study that the improvement in nutrient NPK uptake by wheat plants when inoculated with PGPR and which were aided by efficient sources of nutrients such as fertilizers was quite significant compared to un-inoculated ones ( Sood et al., 2018 ).

The difference in the means of TOC at three different depths was not significant, slightly significant in the case of C:N and N:P, and strongly significant for TN, available P, and N:P.

In this sense, genotypic variability in GY was highly significant but relatively minor compared to the effect of growing conditions.

To investigate the major genetic determinants controlling rupture energy, we binned pod shatter variation scores into two discrete categories, resistant (1, rupture energy: 2.32 to 6.94 mJ) and susceptible (0, rupture energy: 7.0 to 17.76 mJ) phenotypes, in conjunction with the seven highly significant markers ( Supplementary Table S5A ) and performed haplotype analysis to determine trait-marker association.

Our results showed a decreasing trend between different water potentials, and this finding is assumed that water movement toward the shoot could be strongly restricted to maintain water potential in root tissue under drought condition.

Values of p < 0.05, p < 0.03, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001 were deemed significant, moderately significant, highly significant, and very highly significant respectively.

The experiment revealed a highly significant difference in the sugar alcohol content of THZ and CK, which was an increase of 108.95% ( Figure 3B ). 3.3 A global overview of the leaf transcriptome of Pinellia ternata with THZ The Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequenced 130,300,384 clean reads for the control group, whereas the experimental group had 138,509,108 clear reads.

Furthermore, RWC displayed a significant correlation with SP, and highly significant correlation with RSA, while RWC had no significant correlation with other indexes. 3.1.5 PCA of all indexes in lettuce genotypes The parameters with similar effects were grouped together into distinct categories ( Table 3 ).

No significant differences between fertilizer types were found for specific leaf area, which in general showed a decreasing trend from 69 DAP and ranged between 282.3 to 214.2 cm2 g −1 ( Figure 2C ).

At the bulblet appearance and enlargement stage, the enzymes involved in the starch synthetic direction, such as ADP-glucose Pyrophosphorylase (AGPase, EC 2.7.7.27), Starch Synthase (SS, EC 2.4.1.21), Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE, EC 2.4.1.18) and Granule-bound Starch Synthase (GBSS, EC 2.4.1.242), showed a decreasing trend in mother scales but higher gene expression levels in newly formed bulblets, while the enzyme in the starch cleavage direction, Starch Debranching Enzyme (DBE, EC 3.2.1.10), showed higher expression levels in scales than in bulblets in lily ( Li et al., 2014 ).