The difference between inhibitor titers at 1 month (i.e., prior to immune modulation) and all times points after immune modulation was highly significant ( P < 0.001).
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Such a difference in the response between the two cultivars, i.e., the interaction between cultivar and plant disease status, was highly significant ( P < 0.001).
In terms of bacteria ( Figure 3 ), almost all α -diversity indices displayed a highly significant difference ( p < 0.001) between group S_0 and groups K3, K4, and K8.
The overall model was highly significant ( F 23,48 = 2548.420, p < 0.001, R 2 = 0.999).
The Shannon and Simpson indices peaked in the 100%SS group, with highly significant differences among all groups ( p < 0.001).
Correlation analysis Among the six morphological variables, the number of setae had a highly significant positive correlation with the acervuli population ( p < 0.001) and a significant negative correlation with the appressoria population ( p < 0.01) ( Figure 4 ).
Difference from control was considered significant as P < 0.05, very significant as P < 0.01, and highly significant as P < 0.001.
Additionally, significant differences were observed in the Simpson index of soil bacteria between RF-B and both IR-B and RF-A treatments ( p < 0.05), while the difference between RF-B and IR-C as well as RF-C treatments was extremely significant ( p < 0.001).
Despite the high phylogenetic relatedness of these hosts, and their similar values of D (Figure 3 ), the microbiomes of these three host species displayed highly significant differences in BCD (adonis: df = 2, F = 4.62, R 2 = 0.435, P < 0.001).
This test found a highly significant difference (χ 2 = 44.113, 6 d.f., P < 0.001) driven by the existence of two non-overlapping groups (Tukey test, P ≥ 0.171).
In contrast, grouping factors including species and treatment explained as much as 74.79% of the variation in fungal communities, with a highly significant effect ( R 2 = 0.7479, p = 0.001).
LEfSe was carried out with the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) threshold score of 3.00, to find which specific fungal communities caused the highly significant differences ( p = 0.001) in fungal communities between PM samples at different depths ( Figures 5C,D ).
Two-way ANOVA revealed a highly significant main effect of application mode (F 1, 90 = 100.093, p < 0.001), with estimated marginal mean control efficacy of 17.68 ± 2.23% for T1 and 49.28 ± 2.23% for T2.
For each of the 41 variables, Blomberg’s K values ranged from 0.31 to 0.61 and were highly significant ( p < 0.001) suggesting phylogenetic overdispersion and convergent evolution (see section “Materials and Methods).
By all data collected, a slight positive—but highly significant—correlation ( p < 0.001) was found between the parameters DON and fungal DNA detected in kernels.
Food intake and body weight In the responder study, repeated-measures ANOVA of daily food intake revealed a highly significant effect of diet, time, and their interactions (all p < 0.001; Figure 1A ), where rats fed the soluble dietary fibers GLUC (10% w/w oat beta-glucan), FOS (10% w/w fructooligosaccharides), and PECT (10% w/w pectin) each had significantly lower daily food intakes relative to those fed either 5% (CONT) or 10% (CELL) w/w cellulose control diets ( Figure 1A ).
The differences were considered to be statistically significant if P ≤ 0.05 or 0.001 < P ≤ 0.01 and were considered extremely significant if the P < 0.001.
With the development of the phenological period, the phyllosphere bacterial richness index (Chao1) and diversity index (Shannon) changed, and two indices are highly significant differences ( p -value <0.001) were observed at both the he3 vs. in3 and he5 vs. in5 ( Figures 2A , B ; Table 1 ).
Only the highly significant ( p < 0.001) mutual relationships were retained.
Estimates of beta diversity and dispersion suggested that the highly significant differences in diversity observed between age and location groups ( P < 0.001) are not due to the variation in homogeneity between the groups ( P > 0.1).
This genus was also shown to be highly significant in MetaG data where it was only found in in the first (fresh) samples taken from each donor ( p < 0.001).
Variations in amino sugars and MNC content in soil LMM analysis showed that land-use type had a highly significant main effect on all four amino sugars ( p < 0.001), whereas soil depth alone had no significant main effect on any of them.
In OFT, reduced locomotor activity/exploratory behavior was evidenced by a highly significant decrease in the number of rearings ( p < 0.001; Figure 7B ), line crossings ( p < 0.001; Figure 7A ), and time spent in inner squares ( p < 0.01; Figure 7C ) in the infected group as compared to the control group.
It was found that the intergroup variations of PM samples at different depths were extremely significant ( p = 0.001) in PCoA based on weighted UniFrac distance ( Figure 5A ), while not significant ( p > 0.05) in PCoA based on unweighted UniFrac distance ( Figure 5B ).
On this basis, an independent samples t-test was conducted to compare the differences between the two groups, and p < 0.05 indicated a significant difference (*), p < 0.01 indicated a highly significant difference (**), p < 0.001 indicated an extremely significant difference (***), and < 0.0001 indicated an extremely significant difference (****). 3.