We acknowledge that this does not reach conventional statistical significance (α = 0.05) and should be interpreted as a suggestive trend requiring confirmation.
Excerpts
A highly significant reduction in spore production for both mutant strains compared to BLB1 was observed.
Compared with CK, the Shannon and Chao1 indices showed decreasing trends in the JF_198 treatment group, whereas the Simpson index showed an increasing trend based on predefined pairwise comparisons.
Butyric acid and acetic acid levels were markedly reduced in the LPS group, while propionic acid also showed a decreasing trend.
Further Gene Ontology (GO) analysis ( Figure 5D ) revealed a highly significant enrichment of oxidoreductase activity. 4Fe-4S_BP , which encodes a 4Fe-4S-binding domain protein, exhibits a highly conserved β-barrel fold typical of this protein class and contains a well-defined, structurally stable pocket for coordinating iron-sulfur clusters ( Supplementary Figure S6 ).
A strong and highly significant positive correlation (r 2 = 1, r 2 = 1) was observed between the TPC, TFC, and TAC ( Figure 4a ).
In terms of physiological indicators ( Figure 6 ), without the inoculation of the strain, the soluble protein (SP) content showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of Cd and Ni concentrations, while the activities of SOD, POD and the content of MDA all increased with the increase of stress concentration.
At the family level ( Figure 7B ), Veillonellaceae, Leptotrichiaceae, Actinomycetaceae, Fusobacteriaceae, and Micrococcaceae were significantly reduced in PSCI (all q < 0.05), while Streptococcaceae showed an increasing trend without reaching significance.
Path analysis showed that plant communities had a highly significant positive effect on soil properties, which in turn indirectly influenced microbial community structure and functions.
Permutation tests identified highly significant effects for Cu, KTF, Ca, P, SP, SMo, SMn, Co, KRBCF, ZnTF, CuTF, MnTF, Cr, ZnSBCF, PSBCF, RMo, SZn, AlTF, S, EC and SoilWC, AlSBCF and As ( Supplementary Table S7 ).
In a study based on a population with giant common bile duct stones, researchers reported abnormal bile acid metabolism, with significant enrichment of free bile acids in the group with giant common bile duct stones and a decreasing trend of combined bile acid abundance ( Dai et al., 2023 ).
An increasing trend in antimicrobial resistance was observed among E. coli isolates, particularly against fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, and carbapenems, while nitrofurantoin retained comparatively lower resistance rates.
A numerical trend toward increased BW was also observed in the R22 group on days 21 and 40.
Compared with the db/db group, the MDI in the db/db + PD group showed an increasing trend, although the difference did not reach statistical significance ( p > 0.05).
Nitrate nitrogen increased with the growth process, and total nitrogen showed a decreasing trend; spatially, the surface soil had “surface enrichment” characteristics in pH (during EP), carbon and nitrogen nutrients, and water content (during EP and LP).
Notably, CC398 showed an increasing trend from 5% in 2019 to 20% in 2023 ( Figure 1A ).
A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, and a p < 0.01 was considered highly significant.
Additionally, as the number of strains increased, an increasing trend in paralogous gene counts, particularly within the shell genome, was noted, suggesting strain-specific expansion.
Globally, there has been an increasing trend in the detection rates of azole-resistant A. fumigatus strains.
The expression of two genes of the pilus encoding operon comG, comGA , and comGF showed a trend toward modest upregulation in the 3 strains upon choline supplementation ( Figure 3 ). 4.
KO entries and COG functional categories showing nominally significant differences between the two groups were identified.
α-diversity analysis showed that DSS significantly decreased the Shannon, Simpson, and observed-species indices compared with the Control group ( P < 0.05), accompanied by a decreasing trend in the Chao1 index.
This review found that the abundance of anaerobic bacteria, such as Spirochaetes , in the oral cavity of stroke patients showed an increasing trend based on descriptive synthesis, which is consistent with the aforementioned microenvironmental changes.
Standardized regression coefficients and their p -values were coherent across the 100 subcompositions for all predictors, with only minor discrepancies observed such as for microbial gene K03301 , which had a p -value of 1.53 × 10 −5 in the full composition but slightly lower value in the subcompositions (range: 9.05 × 10 −6 to 1.03 × 10 −5 ; median: 9.79 × 10 −6 ), while still being highly significant.
Key pathway differences included: LogBA → DOC Rem was highly significant under dark conditions but not under light-coupled conditions; E2/E3 → DOC Rem shifted from a positive effect in the microbe-only treatment to no effect under coupling; meanwhile, the SUVA254 → LogBA path was significant in the microbe-only treatment, indicating bacterial preference for small aromatic fractions.