Excerpts

The F-value of this model was 31.21, which implies the model has a highly significant difference ( p < 0.001).

Statistical validation showed that the model was highly significant ( p < 0.001), with no significant lack of fit ( p = 0.7073).

The pressure and temperature had highly significant effects on dimerization ( p < 0.001) while holding time had a less significant effect ( p = 0.0506).

lingzhi The applied microbiological assay to estimate the effect of Reishi supplementation on the growth rate of the applied stains revealed the potential prebiotic effect of the studied mushroom that was confirmed by the highly significant MANOVA overall test (Wilk’s λ < 0.001; p < 0.001) together with the follow-up tests for the measured E. coli and L. casei initial and end count growth rates (F(5;12) > 8.97; p < 0.001).

The fat colour of MR Cantuccini produced the highest a * values for the first 8 months and at the same time an increasing trend from 0.50 (T0) to 0.87 (T12) and a 74% increase in red colouring after 12 months ( p < 0.001), whereas the a * values in the fat of OR Cantuccini increased from 0.45 (T0) to 1.19 (T12) with an increase of 164% ( p < 0.001).

Differences were considered significant when p < 0.05, and highly significant when p < 0.001.

This enhancement effect was in line with the same effect previously described for the soluble polyphenol fraction, as also confirmed by the highly significant ( p < 0.001) linear correlations observed between the soluble and bioaccessible fractions (r = 0.919).

The results show that the difference of palmitic acid (C16:0), linolenic acid (C18:3), unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) and saturated fatty acid (SFA) between provinces was highly significant ( p < 0.001) and might be used as markers for the identification geographical origin. 3.2.2.

The significance criteria were defined as follows: p < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference, p < 0.01 was considered an extremely significant difference, and p < 0.001 was considered an ultra-significant difference.

G3 and G4 groups were higher than the control G2 (+Ve), while G4 showed a highly significant difference ( p < 0.001) compared to the control G2 (+Ve).

A medium effect size (−0.70) but highly significant ( p < 0.001) decrease in WBSF of −1.04 kg was detected.

Furthermore, all products’ amylose content is highly significant at p < 0.001.

There were highly significant relationships ( Figure 4 a,b) between TW and milling yields ( R 2 = 0.75, p < 0.001) when results of all four varieties were combined.

It is worth noting that the contents of CAF, laccasein, and galangin reached highly significant increases ( p < 0.001) at 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h of high-temperature treatment compared with those before high-temperature treatment, and showed an overall increasing trend with the lengthening of the high-temperature treatment ( Figure 4 ).

The significance level was: significant— p ≤ 0.05; very significant— p ≤ 0.01; and highly significant— p ≤ 0.001 using the normal distribution of the variables.

A highly significant decline was found regarding the consumption of ‘dark green leafy vegetable’ (−46.1%; p < 0.001), whilst fewer ‘eggs’ were consumed by 2.9% of rural women ( p < 0.05).

According to the results presented in Table 2 , the linear effect on the TPC value was highly significant ( p < 0.001) regarding the ethanol concentration alone, whereas the interactive terms were non-significant ( p > 0.05).

The inter-group difference was tested through anosim analysis, and the results indicated that the difference between the groups was highly significant (R = 0.7215, p = 0.0010), implying that the beta diversity of the gut microbiome in diabetic mice was significantly improved by TFs intervention, consistent with the results of alpha diversity analysis. 3.4.

This change in CIE a* and b* affected the hue angle; after 20 d of room-temperature storage, the hue-angle value of LTS 50D was below 40, a highly significant difference compared to LTS 0D ( p < 0.001) ( Figure 5 E), indicating that the fruit skin color is more red.

The following attributes stood out as highly significant ( p < 0.001) and therefore with the highest discriminatory power: crunchiness, rancid odor, cooked meat aroma, color intensity, fracturability, pastiness, vegetable flavor, aftertaste persistence, and umami taste ( Figure 2 ).

Statistical significance for the relationships analysed by PLS was defined as p < 0.05–0.01 (significant), p < 0.01–0.001 (highly significant) and p < 0.001 (extremely significant).

In this study, the correlation coefficient between Folin–Ciocalteu reducing capacity results (FC) and the IC 50 values of the DPPH ⋅ quenching activity was highly significant ( p < 0.001), indicating that polyphenolics may play an important role in free radical scavenging [ 39 ].

Statistically, significant results were signified as p < 0.05, more significant as p < 0.01, and extremely significant as p < 0.001.

This is consistent with the results of the ANOVA ( Table 1 ); the moisture content had a highly significant ( p < 0.001) effect on both the TPA and cutting strength.

The model confirmed a highly significant effect of storage time on Acceptability (χ 2 (6) = 30.6, p < 0.001).