Excerpts

Notably, C18:1N9T (trans-oleic acid) was lower in HS than in AS and SS, with a borderline significant difference ( p = 0.050).

Sodium (Na) shows an increasing trend across the site classification gradient, with concentrations rising from 497 ± 38 mg/kg in non-polluted sites to 721 ± 85 mg/kg in polluted areas ( p < 0.05).

As shown in Table 3 , the Sobs, ACE, Chao and Shannon index of the gut microbiota in the experimental groups showed an increasing trend ( p < 0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner compared to the control group, and the Simpson index showed a downward trend ( p < 0.05).

Although a decreasing trend in flavor intensity was observed with increasing concentrations of CGA, no statistically significant differences were noted ( p < 0.05).

After treatment with additives for 24 h, an increasing trend ( p > 0.05) in the percentage of resistances was observed, with figures of 43.62% (samples treated with SN), 44.17% (Ni) and 47.47% (LA) for the samples of Spanish origin, and percentages of 40.27% (SN), 40.53% (Ni) and 38.40% (LA) for those from Portugal, as shown in Figure 1 .

Although Klebsiella showed a decreasing trend, the difference was not statistically significant ( p > 0.05).

Contrarily, the concentrations of the absorbed proteins showed an increasing trend with increasing addition levels of 13-HPODE or MDA, and the highest concentrations of the absorbed proteins were found in the emulsion with 1000 μmol/L MDA ( p < 0.05).

The bulk density (BD) values for CB (0.45 ± 0.05 g/cm 3 ) showed a highly significant difference ( p < 0.05), while nearly identical values were reported for CV (0.35 ± 0.02 g/cm 3 ), CL (0.34 ± 0.01 g/cm 3 ), and CC (0.33 ± 0.02 g/cm 3 ).

Among saturated fatty acids, short- and medium-chain fatty acids (C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0) showed a decreasing trend with increasing replacement level ( p < 0.05), while palmitic acid (C16:0) remained relatively stable ( p > 0.05).

A one-way ANOVA revealed a highly significant effect of product on the growth potential (Δ) of L. monocytogenes ((F/4,10) = 31.3, p < 0.05).

Compared with the control group, the MM28 group showed a trend toward reduced serum MDA content ( p > 0.05) and increased activities of SOD and GSH-PX.

Total acid showed an increasing trend during the first four weeks, followed by stabilization or slight decline, with no significant differences between packaging types ( p > 0.05).

As the cooking time increased, the L * value initially increased and then decreased, the a * value showed a decreasing trend, and the b * value changed in a more complicated way; it rose, then reduced, and then increased ( p < 0.05).

Compared with the Control group, AFB1-induced liver injury resulted in a significant increase in MDA content in liver homogenate, no significant change but a decreasing trend in GSH ( p < 0.05), and a significant decrease in T-AOC ( p < 0.05), indicating that AFB1 induced hepatic oxidative stress, leading to decreased total antioxidant capacity and increased lipid peroxidation.

The class-level difference was highly significant ( p < 0.05).

The LF-NMR results showed that A 21 exhibited an increasing trend ( p > 0.05), accompanied by a prolongation of T 22 , indicating enhanced water mobility and reduced binding strength.

[ 54 ], the rearing system did not cause pH variability in the breast muscle, whereas in the thigh muscle, the acidity relationship was at the threshold of significance ( p -value = 0.05) and showed a tendency towards a slightly higher level in birds kept under the organic system.

This difference, highly significant ( p < 0.05) between the two series of milks, was the preliminary condition to facilitate the occurrence of the LB defect in Grana-type cheeses produced without the use of lysozyme.

Moreover, the quadratic terms A 2 , B 2 , and D 2 were highly significant ( p < 0.05).

The results highlight that several parameters are closely associated, showing highly significant correlations ( p < 0.05) ( Figure S1 ).

Moisture content showed a decreasing trend as the storage period progressed, with all treatment groups exhibiting a significant decrease at 50 days compared to that at 0 days ( p < 0.05).

It exhibited an increasing trend over the storage period, significantly increasing on day 50 compared to that on day 0 ( p < 0.05).

As shown in Figure 1 , within the pH range of 3–7, the centrifugal sedimentation rate of the dairy beverages exhibited a significant trend of first increasing and then decreasing with pH ( p < 0.05).

As shown in Figure 2 C,D, both the tested strains showed an increasing trend in inner cell membrane permeability (ICMP) (1.11-fold and 1.13-fold), after being treated with Rm EE-F2 (1 × MIC) for 6 h ( p < 0.05).

A294 and A420 showed an increasing trend with longer reaction times ( p < 0.05).