Excerpts

Although BMI exhibited an increasing trend over time in both groups, the mean value remained higher in the control group, with a slight positive correlation reported between BMI and CMMSE score [rmcorr r = 0.032, P < 0.001].

One quite significant cause may relate to the information deluge, particularly misinformation that was disseminated via mostly social media platforms during the pandemic, to which students without a medical condition are more susceptible compared with students with medical conditions.

Although the number of compliant samples showed a slight decrease in 2015 and 2018 compared to the previous year, the percentage of samples meeting the standard showed an increasing trend overall.

The proportion of samples exceeding the standard by up to 10 times and over 10 times both demonstrated a decreasing trend, with no samples exceeding the standard by over 10 times by 2022.

Conversely, an APC or AAPC estimate with a 95% CI upper bound below zero suggests a decreasing trend.

Conversely, as SDI increased, the disease burden in Taiwan province showed a trend of increase.

Statistically, an APC or AAPC estimate with a 95% CI lower bound above zero indicates an increasing trend of thalassemia burden within the interval.

The effects of women’s working hours on residential and social effects have extreme points, which are 68.78 and 35.89 h, respectively, and both statistically and practically significant.

Moreover, after exposure to environments with three different concentrations of pollution, the percentage change in FeNO values showed an increasing trend.

In the Model 3, individuals with blood Cd concentrations in the second, third, and fourth quartile respectively had adjusted ORs of 1.12 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.36), 1.33 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.65), and 1.64 (95% CI: 1.38, 1.94) for depression, with a significant trend ( P trend < 0.001).

But the annual average concentration of O 3 increased from 120.20 μg/m 3 in 2013 to 136.78 μg/m 3 in 2018, showing an increasing trend from year to year.

Most disease groups (9) displayed a stationary trend, while six groups showed a decreasing trend.

Throughout the time series, only neoplasms exhibited an increasing trend in the annual rate of disability insurance granted (AAPC 2.5% [95% CI 1.5–3.6]).

Except for High-BP, similar association was observed in Q1-Q4 groups and MetS components with a significant trend (P for trend < 0.001).

Other studies also suggest an increasing trend in childhood cancer incidence in countries with higher Human Development Index [ 26 ] or higher income [ 25 ].

In our study, the magnitude of over- and underreporting varied according to educational level with a decreasing trend as the educational level increases.

Unfortunately, data shows a worrying trend in 2019, before the pandemic, where 18.4 million children missed out on routine vaccinations globally [ 9 ] which increased to 24.4 million during the pandemic in 2021 and remained elevated at 20.5 million in 2022.

In tandem, the Healthy Life Expectancy (HALE) has also shown a positive trend, advancing from 58.3 years to 63.7 years.

A study conducted in Shandong found that the prevalence of adolescent obesity exhibited an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend from 2019 to 2022.

The study concluded that during the later stages of the pandemic, depressive and anxious emotions among Chinese adolescents did not worsen; rather, they showed a trend of improvement [ 14 ].

Similarly, we did not observe a significant reduction in low 5-min Apgar scores, though there was a positive trend toward improved scores.

Our study also revealed a lower incidence of esophageal cancer among individuals aged 20–40 years, although this group showed an increasing trend.

The results indicate a highly significant positive correlation between body weight and two key parameters: resting metabolic rate (RMR) ( r = 0.91**) and body mass index (BMI) ( r = 0.93**), with a correlation coefficient exceeding 90% in both cases.

The exploratory EBD estimation of the attributable cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in Germany indicated a decreasing trend, comparable to the previously presented results (see Fig. 5 ).

If the 95% CI of corresponding EAPC estimation > 0, ASDR was recognized to be in an increasing trend, on the contrary, if 95% CI of corresponding EAPC estimation < 0, ASDR was recognized to be a decreasing trend, but if the 95% CI of corresponding EAPC including 0, ASDR was recognized to be stable.