Structural grafts and suture techniques in functional and aesthetic rhinoplasty.

After review of the literature and careful consideration of the limitations mentioned above, the following interpretations are suggested: An important trend concerns the middle third: Its reconstruction has long relied on the spreader graft as the workhorse transplant, but the functional value of the spreader graft is increasingly challenged.

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Because of these perceived advantages, a clear trend in favour of the open approach has emerged in recent years.

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