The Role of HMB Supplementation in Enhancing the Effects of Resistance Training in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Muscle Quality, Body Composition, and Physical Function.

RT+HMB produced modest and borderline significant improvements in handgrip strength (SMD 0.24; 95% CI 0.00–0.48; p = 0.05) and moderate benefits in Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scores (SMD 0.54; 95% CI 0.12–0.95; p = 0.01).

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Although this difference did not reach statistical significance, likely due to the heterogeneity in assessment methods and the lack of a standardised definition, these findings suggest that the combination of RT and HMB may exert a beneficial effect that was not fully captured in our study.

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The handgrip strength result (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.00–0.48, p = 0.05) represents borderline significance with considerable uncertainty.

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