Per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) promote osteoclastogenesis and bone loss through PPARα activation.

There was also an observable, although not statistically significant increase in the gene expression of osteoclast protease cathepsin K ( CTSK ), with a trend towards significance (p = 0.072). 3.2 GenX emerges as a novel pro-osteoclastogenic factor among components of the Mixture To examine the individual contribution of each of the components of the Mixture to osteoclastogenesis, BMM cultures, isolated as described above, were subjected to individual compounds (PFOA, PFNA, PFOS, PFHxS, and GenX), each at a concentration of 10 μM.

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