Barely Significant
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Mortality and exacerbation risk according to GOLD and STAR severity stages of COPD: a 5-year multicenter prospective cohort study.

Sci Rep · 2025 · PMC12125300 · PMID 40447720

Europe PMCDOI
3
hedged sentences
0.0100
closest p · 0.2× alpha
0.3300
boldest claim

The sentences

a significant trendP < 0.01actually significant
1 A) revealed a significant trend for all-cause mortality among GOLD stages ( P < 0.01 for trend).

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a positive trendP < 0.01actually significant
Similar to the case for OS, CIF curves revealed a positive trend for the cumulative incidence of exacerbations among GOLD stages ( P < 0.01 for trend; adjusted P < 0.01 for stages I, II, or III versus stage IV), although the CIF curves for stages I and II were closely aligned (Fig. 3 A).

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difference was apparentP = 0.33not close (p > 0.1)
Unlike the GOLD classification, however, no significant difference was apparent among STAR stages for the frequency of individuals with a history of asthma ( P = 0.33 for heterogeneity).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.