Sound quality impacts dogs' ability to recognize and respond to playback words.

Sci Rep · 2025 · PMC12037911 · PMID 40295562

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hedged sentences

0.0080

closest p · 0.2× alpha

0.0080

boldest claim

The sentences

an increasing trendP = 0.008actually significant

a decreasing trendno p-value reported

In addition, this analysis also revealed a trial-specific effect of training, with a decreasing trend of success in the control experiment and an increasing trend in the treatment experiment (LRT of trial x experimental phase: χ21 = 6.96, P = 0.008; Fig. 4 ).

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

In Study 2, the contrast between “Vocal” and “Speaker + Mouth” did not reach statistical significance.

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