However, when demographic factors and NSCLC stage were adjusted for in a Cox proportional-hazards model, abnormal galectin-1 levels were not significantly associated with decreased OS, yet with borderline significance ( p = 0.0513), which is possibly due to our relatively small sample size.
Finally, a Cox proportional hazards model that included the demographic factors in Table 1 and lung cancer stage showed that abnormal galectin-1 levels were not significantly correlated with OS, with a hazard ratio of 2.928 (95% CI of 0.9940 to 8.625), yet it was borderline significant with p = 0.0513.
It is of note that there was no difference in OS when galectin-1 levels were separated into low, normal, and high values, as seen in Figure 6 A, albeit it approached significance ( p = 0.0953).