“nominally significant”

In a Cox Proportional Hazards model adjusting for gender and depression onset, RA PRS predicted autoimmune disorder hazard (HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.01–1.31, P = 0.03), with a nominally significant independent effect of depression status (HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 0.97–1.38, P = 0.08).

This difference was nominally significant on conditional logistic regression (p = 0.08).

GO enrichment on the 29 nominally significant genes revealed the top annotation as “chemotaxis” (Bonferroni adjusted p value = 0.08), suggesting that there may be an effect of acute smoke exposure on cell signaling and migration in chronic smokers.

Nominally significant positive global genetic correlations were found for RA with CAD ( r g = 0.068, FDR-adjusted P = 0.080) and HF ( r g = 0.096, FDR-adjusted P = 0.087) (Fig. 3 A).

There was also little evidence to support the relationship with T2D related phenotypes, as the nominally significant finding by Walter and colleagues [ 21 ] for insulin sensitivity did not survive Bonferroni multiple testing correction ( p = 0.08).

We tested the interaction between the BMI polygenic risk score and lifestyle score and found it to be statistically significant in the UKB cohort (OR = 0.861, P = 0.00017) and nominally significant in W-AIG (OR = 0.462, P = 0.082).

We observed a nominally significant interaction between T2D exposure and race in adjusted models (interaction p = 0.083).

However, we identified traits that differentiate bonobos and chimpanzees among the nominally significant enrichments, including abnormality of the labia major (HPO, enrichment = 3.85, P = 0.09) and decreased body mass index (MP, enrichment = 4.32, P = 0.03) ( supplementary table S5, Supplementary Material online).

While the Kaplan–Meier and Cox results were nominally significant ( p ≈ 0.09), the small sample size ( n = 27) severely limits statistical power; the observed effect size (HR = 2.12) provides a rationale for hypothesis-driven validation in larger, adequately powered cohorts, though this should be interpreted with caution given the limited sample size and absence of external validation [ 24 ].

Critically, 5-methyluridine—nominally significant in univariable analysis ( P = 0.095)—demonstrated a robust independent protective effect in MVMR (MV-IVW: β = −3.227, 95% CI: −5.765 to −0.688, FDR-adjusted P = 0.025; OR = 0.040).

As for the frequency variables, familiality was shown in the frequency of depressive episodes (β = −0.36, corrected- p = 0.001), while the frequency of total episodes was nominally significant (β = −0.30, corrected- p = 0.098), and frequency of mania did not exhibit familiality (β = −0.16, corrected- p = 0.417).

Two-sided p values <0.05 were regarded as nominally significant, with p values <0.1 after Benjamini-Hochberg adjustment 30 regarded as surviving correction for multiple comparisons.

Eighteen of these were nominally significant at p < 0.1 ( S2 Data ), but no gene was individually significant when we corrected for multiple testing using a Bonferroni correction.

The nominally significant GO terms (P <0.10, Additional file 2 ) included a few more terms related with morphogenesis or growth but were not significant after B-H correction.

Variables were selected for multivariate analysis if they were nominally significant ( p < 0.10) in the initial univariate analyses of women who exhibited a longitudinal change in mammographic density (race/ethnicity, age at baseline, menopause age) or otherwise selected a priori based on previous literature (BMI category).

Two modules (purple and turquoise) were identified with nominally significant negative correlations ( p -value < 0.1) ( Figure 4B ).

In addition, we observed a nominally significant increase in vascular proportions in PDD and PD cases compared with controls (FDR-corrected p < 0.1, Fig. 2 b).

3 Results 3.1 Evaluation of Candidate Regions None of the SNP within the five candidate regions had even a nominally significant association with FEC EBV ( p > 0.10). 3.2 Bin-Based Genome-Wide Association Study for Non-Candidate Regions 3.2.1 Tests of Significance For WFEC, four bins on chromosome 5 and two bins on chromosome 16 achieved BB genome-wide significance, and an additional 59 bins contained SNP with BB chromosome-wide significance.

To comprehensively explore the biological themes suggested by the methylation changes, we performed unbiased KEGG and GO enrichment analyses using nominally significant (raw P < 0.1) DMS/DMR sets.

Significant ( P <.05) and nominally significant ( P <.10) variables from the first model were retained for evaluation in the next model.

For all three traits (milk yield, fat, and protein), we estimated a nominally significant (p = 0.1) proportion of variance explained by all SNPs on the Illumina BovineSNP50 Beadchip ( h 2 G ).

The four genes that did not reach significance ( MAP2K1 , MAP2K2 , SOS1 and RET ) each had between twofold and fourfold enrichment of missense mutations, which corresponded to nominally significant missense enrichment in all four genes ( P < 0.1).

To assess whether the number of expected studies (E) was in accordance with the observed number (O) with nominally significant results or less, chi-square statistics were performed ( 18 ) with a two-tailed P < 0.10 as the statistical significance threshold.

RIN and age were included as covariates in the linear regression model, as there were nominally significant differences ( P <0.1) among genotype groups ( Supplementary Table 5 ) and RIN was also positively correlated with DRD1 gene expression (Pearson’s r =0.271; P =0.004).

We extracted nominally significant genes (at P < 0.1, P < 0.05, and P < 0.01) from Vegas2 outputs for each of the two traits and assessed those for overlapping genes between endometriosis and migraine.