“nominally significant”

Assessment of differentially methylated regions Nominally significant probes ( p ≤ 0.05; n = 24,149) were included in the differentially methylated region (DMR) analysis, identifying 123 DMRs ( q ≤ 0.05; Supplementary Table 5 ).

For all nominally significant associations ( p < 0.05), effect sizes were strongly correlated when using imputed vs.

However, identified correlations were only nominally significant without multiple testing correction ( P < 0.05; Supplementary Table 27 ).

Combinations demonstrating nominally significant inter-group differences ( p < 0.05) were selected for further exploratory analyses (n = 25 for 3-antigen, n = 31 for 4-antigen, and n = 25 for 5-antigen combinations).

Metabolomic analyses Positive ion metabolites that were identified as nominally significant (p≤0.05) in SAMS patients are shown in S5 Table of S3 File .

To underpin this, we further checked the directions of effect of all nominally significant a-DMSs ( P < 0.05) and found that methylation changes tended to be negatively associated with maternal smoking between 0 and 4/5 years (Fig. 4b ) and, moreover, that 721/971 (74.2%) a-DMSs showed a stronger decrease in methylation levels from 0 to 4/5 years (Additional file 1 : Table S7).

However, these genes were only nominally significant ( p < 0.05) and did not reach the transcriptome-wide significance threshold of FDR < 0.1.

The associations between CHCHD6 GREX and heart failure were nominally significant in two of the three tissues tested in individuals of European ancestry and one of the three tissues tested in individuals of African ancestry ( P < 0.05).

Nominally significant association (P<0.05) was observed for markers in: TCF7L2, RBMS1, CDKAL1, ZNF239, KCNQ1 and TCF1 and a significant bias (P<0.05) towards OR>1 was observed for markers selected from previous T2D genome-wide association studies, consistent with a role for Old World variants in susceptibility to T2D in Latin Americans.

Of the 13 assayed proteins, only 3 showed nominally significant difference (p<0.05) after the swimming experiment (CCL11, and CXCL10 lower and IL-1ra, higher).

Both nominally significant alterations ( p < 0.05) and those surviving multiple testing correction (FDR < 0.05) were reported; however, only FDR-significant findings were interpreted as robust.

All loci identified at discovery were at least nominally significant ( P < 0.05) at replication, except for the locus near PCDH7 , and all were directionally consistent.

Nearly all individual loci remained nominally significant ( p < 0.05) with similar effect size (standard error [SE] change < 2) after additional adjustment.

Five of the 19 SNPs demonstrated a nominally significant association with neovascular AMD (P < 0.05), of which two (rs3173798 and rs3211883) withstood Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (rs3173798, nominal P = 9.96 × 10−4, allele-specific odds ratio = 0.55; rs3211883, nominal P = 2.09 × 10−4, allele-specific odds ratio = 0.50).

As a matter of fact, only 10% of SNPs from the Candidate Set 1 had nominally significant p -values < 0.05, while 42% of SNPs from Set 2 were nominally significant at the same α.

For SCZ, BD and ADHD, MAGMA results were nominally significant in numerous brain tissues ( P -value < 0.05), such as cortex, anterior cingula, hippocampus, amygdala, or cerebellum or nucleus accumbens.

Results for all SNPs that were nominally significant in our analysis (p<0.05) among the entire study cohort can be found in S2 Table .

Of the 8 GWAS variants with p < 10 − 5 either tested in our eQTL mapping, or in high LD ( R 2 > 0.8 ) with a tested SNP, seven have a nominally significant marginal eQTL ( p < 0.05 , the 8th has p = 0.07 ) and four have a reQTL with p < 0.1 .

For instance, while only the association between brain network connectivity and AF survived Bonferroni correction ( P < 2.62 × 10−4), several other phenotypes showed nominally significant associations ( P < .05) with CVDs, and also, to more flexibly balance the Type I and Type II errors, We applied a false discovery rate control to the results of all IVW methods (Table S4, Supplementary Digital content, https://links.lww.com/MD/P315 ).

23 We specifically identified outcomes for which meta-analyses of observational studies showed nominally significant associations (at P≤0.05), did not have large between study heterogeneity, were based on evidence from more than 500 cases (or more than 5000 total participants if the type of metric was continuous), and showed no evidence of small study effects or excess significance.

Under the assumption that the gap statistic follows a standard normal distribution, approximate p-values for all three analyses were nominally significant (p < 0.05), with the blood and dura analysis resulting in the most significant gap statistics (p < 1×10 -10 ).

The remaining nominally significant associations ( p < 0.05) were considered to provide “weak” evidence.

Among them, 59 immunophenotypes exhibited a nominally significant causal association with TMD (IVW, P < 0.05).

Although six correlations were nominally significant ( p < 0.05), including an inverse correlation between 7α,12α-dihydroxy-3-oxocholest-4-en-27-oic acid and prolactin (r = -0.212, p = 0.035), none remained significant after FDR adjustment.

Nominally significant findings ( P < .05) that did not meet these thresholds were reported cautiously.