“borderline significance”

Estimates of association between malaria parasitaemia and prehypertension and hypertension were robust to sensitivity analyses, especially when limiting malaria parasitaemia to RDT, with associations between RDT-only malaria parasitaemia and hypertension reaching borderline significance [OR 0.40 (95% CI 0.14–1.14).

When controlling for other factors in multivariable analysis, only age, TBSA (borderline significance), death, and early admission remained associated with LOS ( Table 2 ).

Nevertheless, borderline significance in certain subgroups calls for cautious interpretation.

In the case of KRAS , we observed significant mutant allele overexpression in three out of five mutated samples, with another sample showing borderline significance, suggesting that the overexpression might be the result of positive selection in tumor evolution.

In this study, stromal MMP-14 showed borderline significance, so a larger number of patients could have shown that MMP-14, along with MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in the stroma, was significantly associated with lower survival.

All the smoking variables showed a higher effect on SCLC risk in COPD subgroup than those in non-COPD subjects with significance or borderline significance except for time since quitting smoking which was probably due to insufficient sample size (Table S2).

However, exclusion of one study [ 33 ] produced a summary OR with borderline significance (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.57 – 1.03) (Table 2 a).

Subgroup analysis on the three studies with multivariate adjustment yielded a similar association with borderline significance (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.01–2.16) [59] , [60] , [62] .

Recently, a study from Israel revealed the use of steroids and low BMI as risk factors for low BMD in IBD patients, whereas smoking and male sex reached only borderline significance [ 12 ].

In the multivariable logistic regression, markers that showed significance or borderline significance in the univariable analysis (Ki-67, CD31, and fibronectin) were included.

Partially controlled asthma, BMI, previous smoking and number of drugs in use (other indications than asthma/allergy) were not associated with poorer 15D score, even though the two latter had borderline significance (Table 3 ).

NA showed borderline significance.

Our meta-analysis shows a significant association between absolute serum testosterone levels and female depression, which remains true for the premenopausal group while achieving borderline significance in the postmenopausal group.

Our study also indicated that serum magnesium levels approached borderline significance in relation to AVF failure, suggesting that hypomagnesemia may contribute to the impairment of AVF.

The findings from this study indicate significant changes in iron body stores (serum ferritin levels) among PPIs and specific PPIs subgroups between the two time points, while no significant changes in serum iron levels (except for borderline significance when PPIs users as a single entity), and speak for pre-latent iron deficiency that is actually the initial phase in the pathogenesis of iron deficiency anemia.

However, multivariate analysis was still conducted to assess the potential confounding variables and identify independent predictors that may have borderline significance or biological relevance.

2.3 months], but did show borderline significance for improved OS [HR, 0.40 (95% CI, 0.20–0.81), median OS 11.4 vs. 3.0 months] ( Fig 4C and D ).

In addition, the ketogenic and glucogenic essential amino acid, isoleucine (iso-leu), exhibited the same trend to similar Contr and CFA/SC-H levels (borderline significance, Table S3 A and D).

However, the second (OR = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.27–1.02; p = 0.056) and third quartiles (OR = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.21–1.03; p = 0.059) were associated with a numerically decreased prevalence of osteoporosis with borderline significance.

The borderline significance of the main findings highlights the risk of false positives inherent in such an approach.

The authors also mentioned that the borderline significance of some results tempers study conclusions regarding intervention effectiveness and corresponding moderators ( Sandbank, Bottema-Beutel, Crowley, Cassidy, Feldman et al., 2020 ).

In the newest protocol SEHOP-PETHEMA-2013, a very low-risk group of patients with excellent outcome and no relapses was detected, with borderline significance.

The increased HR for all-cause mortality in the fourth quartile was mainly driven by non-CV causes, but there was still borderline significance for an association between SDMA and CV death.

Given the small effects and the borderline significance, this issue cannot be resolved with the current dataset.

However, the borderline significance of the interaction between obesity and NCDs suggests that obesity may modify the relationship between NCDs and literacy changes.