Excerpts

Intrafamily K2P distances (F) were generally higher than congeneric (G) distances, which were definitely higher than intraspecific (S) distances ( Table 1 , all Mann-Whitney tests were highly significant, P value <10−6).

This effect is small; on average people get about 6% faster and spend about 1% less time buzzing, but highly significant ( p <10 −6 for both metrics, t -test).

The degree of reading impairment in patients, however, was significantly larger for passage than word reading, as evidenced by a highly significant Group (patients, controls) × Test (GORT, WRAT) (F(1,36) = 34.29, p = 10 − 6 ) interaction.

The Spearman correlation coefficient highlighted a strong (ρ = 0.79) and highly significant (p<1e-6) correlation between the number of clones and the number of ribotypes.

6 B ), the differences were highly significant (paired t -test, df = 128, P < 10 −6 ).

The overall model fit was strong, with a pseudo-R 2 of 0.438 and a highly significant likelihood ratio test ( P < 0.000001), indicating that the model explains a meaningful portion of the variability in patient outcomes ( Table 4 ).

Prior to statistical analysis, SNP data were filtered, using the BITE package 61 in R v4.0.5, according to the following criteria: (i) SNPs with call rates less than 95%, (ii) minor allele frequencies less than 5%, (iii) missing genotypes more than 5%, and iv) SNPs with highly significant deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium ( P -value < 10 −6 ) 62 were eliminated.

The likelihood ratio test was highly significant (χ 2 = 49.02, df = 10, p < 0.000001), as was the Wald test (χ 2 = 51.80, df = 10, p < 0.000001), indicating that the predictors collectively contributed meaningfully to HBV status classification.

The difference in reactivity against the same modified food antigens in these two groups was highly significant (p < 0.000001).

Sucrose, on the other hand, showed strong and highly significant changes in concentration ( P <0.000001).

In confirmation of our hypothesis, there was a highly significant, 9.4-fold, increase in the maximal tetanic force (7.5±0.94 g versus 0.8±0.2 g; p=≤0.000001) elicited by ONS in the engrafted OST group of SOD1 G93A mice at late-stage disease, compared to age-matched untrained SOD1 G93A mice (132.4±6.8 days versus 133±6.9 days; n=7 and 11, respectively; Figure 5C–G and Appendix 1—table 3 ), although OST did not alter contractile rate characteristics ( Figure 5—figure supplement 5A–C ).

Despite the relatively small sample size, one SNP was identified with a very significant P -value ( P = 5.5*10 -8 ) and several others were identified that were suggestive of significance ( P < 1.0*10 -6 ).

A strong, highly significant correlation between the frequency of tracking interruptions with the right and left hand was found (Pearson correlation, r = 0.834, p<10 −6 ).

For BRCA2 both ER and grade were highly significant predictors of mutation status, and the interaction of ER and grade was also quite significant (χ 2 = 28.3, 2 df , P <10 -6 ).

The difference between CD24+/CD44- and CD24-/CD44+ cells with respect to their position in the E-M state space was highly significant (p<10 –6 ).

In all cases, the post-hoc contrasts were highly significant (p-value < 1 × 10 −6 ).

The two-way within-subject design ANOVA on WM-GM CNR found a highly significant effect of protocol (F(3,21) = 80.32, p<0.000001) but no significant effect of ROI (F(9,63) = 1.475, p>0.15).

Thus whilst there was no difference between males and females in the mean age of diagnosis for individuals homozygous for the more common ARE1 allele (56.5 years vs 56.7 years respectively), males carrying the less common ARE2 allele (heterozygotes and ARE2 homozygotes) had an earlier mean age of diagnosis (55.1 years) compared with females carrying the ARE2 allele (58.6 years) a difference of 3.6 years which was highly significant (p < 0.000001).

The differences in the SD values between the POST and PRE groups were highly significant, P < 10 -6 for TP53 and AML1 , and P < 10 -7 for CEN17 (Table 1 ).

The analysis of discriminance revealed a highly significant discrimination between diabetic patients and controls (Wilks lambda: 0.27; P < 0.000001).

The CCorA model applied revealed that there was only a single canonical dimension between the two datasets, which was found to be very highly significant ( p <10 −6 , Wilks'-Lambda test); this first dimension corresponded to a canonical correlation of 0.99, which accounted for 67.2% of the total variance.

6 a) shows similar performance between the NMF and PCA methods, with a small but highly significant trend towards increased values for the NMF method ( p < 10 − 6 , Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test).

Of these, coeliac disease, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, and SLE, were classified as having highly suggestive (i.e., p < 1 × 10 −6 , at least 1000 NHL cases, and largest study in the review reporting a nominally significant result) or convincing evidence (i.e., p < 1 × 10 −6 , at least 1000 NHL cases, largest study in the review reporting a nominally significant result, minimal between‐study heterogeneity, and no evidence of publication bias) in the umbrella review [ 4 ].

All 157 SNPs with highly significant associations ( P <1 × 10 −6 ) in this region, were in high linkage disequilibrium with rs188686860 and rs115635831 ( r 2 >0.90), and were located proximal (Hg19: 201,717,014-201,995,860) to the CASP8 gene ( Supplementary Table 15 ).

3 Results 3.1 Evaluation of the Visual Screening Test as Early Reading Predictor 3.1.1 Correlations Between Percentile at the Visual Search Screening Test Performed in Kindergarten and Z‐Score of 3rd Grade Reading Efficiency Figure 3 displays the correlation for the full sample (gathering children assessed at 3, 4, and 5 years old and categorized in percentiles) which appeared highly significant (r = −0.24, p < 10−6, n = 494).