Excerpts

While wildtype cultivars had an average grain width of 3.97mm, mutant at10 STOP cultivars had a narrower width of 3.92mm and this difference was very highly significant (p=0.0009) suggesting a potential role for arabinoxylan-esterified phenolic acids in determining grain shape.

Plant height before treatment and plant height after treatment under control conditions had highly significant correlations with NDVI values ( r = 0.70, P < 0.001 and r = 0.76, P < 0.001, respectively) ( Table 4 ).

The levels of diosgenin, trigonelline, and 4-hydroxyisoleucine analyzed under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions were found to be significantly influenced by genotype, environment, and their interaction (Genotype × Environment), with a highly significant effect observed at the p < 0.001 level.

A similar trend was observed between ML and CL, with a highly significant positive correlation (r = 0.69, p < 0.001), reflecting the close association between these parameters at this depth.

We found a significantly higher N concentration in mistletoe on N-fixing hosts than on non-N-fixing hosts ( Figure 5A ), and a highly significant correlation of leaf δ 15 N between mistletoe and host (R 2 = 0.94, P<0.001) across the nine mistletoe–host pairs (both N-fixing and non-N-fixing hosts, Figure 3F ), indicating a high N dependency of mistletoe on its hosts.

For the cellular component, GO terms such as cell periphery (GO:0071944), cell cortex (GO:0005938), exocyst (GO:0000145), and vesicle tethering complex (GO:0099023) were identified as highly significant, with a P -value of < 0.001 ( Table 5 ; Figure 8 ). 4.

A highly significant positive correlation between K S-N and K S-MAX was found ( r = 0.99, p < 0.001), as well as significant positive correlations of K S-N and K S-MAX with K L-MAX and FX.

Similarly, the environment effect was highly significant (P ≤ 0.001, P ≤ 0.01, and P ≤ 0.05) for all the evaluated traits except for 4 traits (LA, LL, LW, SD) in ‘1-XY’בN188’, two trait (H, PL) in ‘ZL-3’בN188’, another trait (H) in both ‘ZL-3’בN188’ and the joint family.

Temperature and the Temperature by Plant part interaction had a highly significant ( P < 0.001) effect on epoxy-janthitrem concentration after 4 and 10 weeks, with concentrations significantly higher in pseudostems grown at high temperature.

All F ST were highly significant ( P < 0.001).

Results Protein Variety, salinity, and fertilization all exhibited highly significant effects on protein content ( P < 0.001) ( Table 1 ).

Analysis of variance revealed that the environment had a highly significant effect on the GI of the WJ RIL population (F = 25.019, P < 0.001), whereas no significant environmental difference was observed on the GI of the WZ RIL population ( Table 4 ). 3.3 Allelic variation of TaMFT-3A and TaMKK3-4A in the two RIL populations KASP markers were used to detect the genotypes of TaMFT-3A and TaMKK3-4A to determine the distribution frequencies of the different SNP loci in the two RIL populations ( Figure 3 ).

Moreover, the direct effects of plant community diversity on soil nutrients were positive among four types of plant community grasslands (path coefficient = 0.17, 0.23, 0.48 and 0.71 resp., Figures 4I–L ), in which the effect was highly significant (P values ≤ 0.001, Figure 4L ) in the KM and marginal in EG ( Figure 4I ).

A highly significant positive correlation ( P ≤ 0.001) between spike compactness and FHB was also evident in all the three environments.

Differences between Years Years had highly significant effects on xylem phenology and cell production ( P < 0.001) and significant effects of the interactions between site and years were also observed for the onset of wall thickening, the mature cell and cell production ( P < 0.05) ( Table 2 ).

Correlation coefficients for the polymer-size traits and high molecular weight fructan content were calculated using data from all three dates and were highly significant ( P < 0.001) in all cases (major peak, r = 0.733; largest peak, r = 0.693; profile regression constant, r = 0.700; profile regression slope, r = 0.658; n = 33).

Oviposition sites (i.e., calyx, stem, and lateral) on fruits had a highly significant influence on CM oviposition ( P < 0.001; Table 3 ).

The sbei2ag SNP, which had a highly significant association with both C6 and C3 starch phosphorylation (C6 phosphorylation for both years, and C3 phosphorylation for 2011, at p < 0.001), encoded a serine/asparagine substitution at a position in the protein which tends to be conserved among homologous sequences, which have serine at this position.

Associations were considered highly significant at a threshold of P < 0.001.

The fitted models were highly significant ( P < 0.001; R 2 and Ra 2 were >0.84) and the standardized residuals were randomly distributed over predicted values.

Both the global F ST (0.083) and Φ PT statistics (0.105) revealed the occurrence of highly significant genetic differences among populations ( P < 0.001), although most of the variation occurred within populations (90%; Table 2 ).

Analysis of variance and broad-sense heritability ANOVA results for all traits and years indicated that genotype was a highly significant factor (p< 0.001) influencing phenotypic variation.

A log-linear regression indicated a highly significant relationship ( r 2 = 0.39, p < 0.001; Figure 3A ) between the bark flammability φ and the bark thickness squared that expresses the bark insulating ability.

All indicators of seed morphology except LWR present highly significant correlations ( P < 0.001) with latitude.

The plant mortality at 14 dpi on different treatments were highly significant (p-value < 0.001).