Although PBR treatments EM 3 and EM 4 induced early somatic embryogenesis by maintaining statistical parity (P > 0.05) of 59.70 and 59.45 days, respectively, the overall effect of days to embryo initiation was highly significant among the PBR treatments (P < 0.001).
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Specifically, root length, root surface area, and root dry mass exhibited correlation coefficients greater than 0.50, all reaching highly significant levels (p< 0.001).
At a nominally significant threshold of p-value ≤ 0.001, GWAS analysis discovered 148 MTAs, pointing to 54 QTLs for the coefficient of infection and 179 MTAs for agronomic traits.
Despite these variations, all correlations remained highly significant ( p < 0.001), confirming that the 4K panel captures the fundamental relatedness structure.
All F ST were highly significant (P < 0.001) based on permutation test.
The correlations of reproductive traits of winter wheat in different environments were compared in the figure, from which it can be seen that most of the winter wheat reproductive traits reached the highly significant level (p<0.001).The correlations of S1 stage traits in E1 environment were -0.02-0.67, and the correlations of S2 stage traits in E1 environment were 0.22-0.55; and the correlations of S1 stage traits in E2 environment were 0.37-0.55; and the correlations of S2 stage traits in E3 and E4 environments were 0.37-0.55. correlation was 0.37-0.63 for S1 stage trait in E2 environment and 0.45-0.62 for S2 stage trait in E2 environment; correlation of S1 stage trait in E3 environment was 0.41-0.62 and correlation of S2 stage trait in E4 environment was 0.36-0.62.
The results revealed a highly significant difference in genome size between cultivated and wild jujube (U = 22494.0, p < 0.001), with the median genome size of cultivated jujube (3.49 × 10 8 ) being significantly larger than that of wild jujube (3.37 × 10 8 ), and the Common Language Effect Size (CL = 0.355) confirming the practical relevance of this difference.
indica showed reduced expression of the FtHCT gene, significantly lower expression of the FtCCOAOM and FtC3H1 genes (p < 0.01), and a highly significant reduction in the expression of the FtCAD6 gene (p < 0.001) compared with the control ( Figure 6B ).
Strong and highly significant positive correlations were observed among GLA and DB (r: 0.56-0.70, ***p < 0.001) across control and stress environments indicating that genotypes with larger leaf area tends to accumulate higher biomass irrespective of conditions.
Chlorophyll concentration and seedling growth characteristics showed highly significant positive associations with NUE ( P < 0.001).
Type-III ANOVA identified highly significant main effects of grazing (F = 62.67, P < 0.001, partial η 2 = 0.68) and fertilization (F = 14.44, P < 0.001, partial η 2 = 0.49), with a moderate interaction effect (F = 4.00, P = 0.029, partial η 2 = 0.21; Supplementary Table 1 ).
3.3 Proline and sugar content of maize seedlings Two-way ANOVA revealed highly significant effects (p < 0.001) of treatment, duration of treatment, and their interaction on the proline, sucrose, fructose, and soluble sugar contents in both the leaves and roots of maize plants.
3.5 Polynomial response surface model The second-order polynomial RSM model was highly significant (F(5, 84) = 27.0, p < 0.001), explaining 59.4% of the total variation in bulb yield (Adjusted R2 = 0.5936).
Highly significant ( P < 0.001) genetic variance resided among the two populations (17.34%).
For alpha diversity, highly significant differences were detected at 10 m, 20 m, and 50 m ( p < 0.001), with the largest χ2 values observed at 10 m and smaller values at broader spatial scales ( Supplementary Tables 2 , S3 ).
The ANOVA results revealed highly significant differences ( p < 0.001) across the genotypes (G) and genotype × year (G × Y) interactions but no significant differences between the two years (Y) ( Table 1 ). 3.3 Resequencing of sweet potato genotype resources and SNP calling Sequencing was performed after constructing a GBS library of the 96 genotypes.
The data showed that the correlation of this trait reached highly significant level (p<0.001) among all environmental points.
By August of the second year, the growth differences had become more pronounced, with S1H plants showing highly significant differences in growth compared to plants subjected to the other three treatments (S1N, S2N, S2H) (P<0.001).
AMOVA results were consistent with the PCA analysis and revealed a strong and highly significant genetic differentiation among groups (p = 0.001).
Akaike information criterion (AIC) values of segmented regression models for all three factors were significantly lower than those of linear models, and likelihood ratio tests were highly significant ( Supplementary Table 5 , P < 0.001).
Analysis of variance and mean trait performance of finger millet genotypes under contrasting moisture regimes Under drought-stressed (ST) conditions, the analysis of variance showed highly significant (P <0.001) differences among progenies (F 1 ) for all assessed traits ( Table 4 ).
Relative height had a significant effect on OmegaE ( F = 3.26, p = 0.040), and highly significant effects on all other indicators (e.g., for PPFD: F = 88.78, p < 0.001); the other indicators were also highly significant (for example, PPFD: F = 88.75, p < 0.001); however, the interaction effect between the two was highly significant only for PPFD ( F = 10.15, p < 0.001) and PAR ( F = 10.15, p < 0.001) ( Table 4 ).
Under rainfed conditions, GCA m /sets, GCA f /sets and SCA/sets mean squares were highly significant ( P < 0.001) for all traits except GCA f /sets for BHC, and SCA/sets for HSL, HSW, BHC, and tassel branch length (TBL) ( Table 2 ).
F-statistics of all the three levels of hierarchy were highly significant ( p < 0.001).
Notably, there was a highly significant linear relationship between zinc content in the dry matter of straw (r=0.805, p=<0.001) and milled rice (r=0.726, p=<0.001) with grain yield ( Figure 5 ).